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Magazine Chapter 2: Problem 121
Give the formulas for the following compounds. a. mercury(I) sulfide b. cobalt(III) sulfite c. ammonium dichromate d. aluminum fluoride
Short Answer
Expert verified
a. Hg鈧係, b. Co鈧�(SO鈧�)鈧�, c. (NH鈧�)鈧侰r鈧侽鈧�, d. AlF鈧�.
Step by step solution
01
Identify the Ions
First, identify the ions involved in each compound.
a. Mercury(I) sulfate: Mercury(I) ion is Hg鈧偮测伜 and sulfide ion is S虏鈦�.
b. Cobalt(III) sulfite: Cobalt(III) ion is Co鲁鈦� and sulfite ion is SO鈧兟测伝.
c. Ammonium dichromate: Ammonium ion is NH鈧勨伜 and dichromate ion is Cr鈧侽鈧嚶测伝.
d. Aluminum fluoride: Aluminum ion is Al鲁鈦� and fluoride ion is F鈦�.
02
Formula Balancing
Next, balance the charges between the positive and negative ions in each formula.
a. For Hg鈧偮测伜 and S虏鈦�, since their charges are equal, the formula is simply Hg鈧係.
b. For Co鲁鈦� and SO鈧兟测伝, two Co鲁鈦� ions (3+ charge) balance with three SO鈧兟测伝 ions (2- charge) yielding Co鈧�(SO鈧�)鈧�.
c. For NH鈧勨伜 and Cr鈧侽鈧嚶测伝, two NH鈧勨伜 ions are required to balance one Cr鈧侽鈧嚶测伝, giving (NH鈧�)鈧侰r鈧侽鈧�.
d. For Al鲁鈦� and F鈦�, three F鈦� ions balance one Al鲁鈦� ion, resulting in AlF鈧�.
03
Write the Formulas
Construct the chemical formulas for the compounds based on the balanced ions.
a. Mercury(I) sulfide is Hg鈧係.
b. Cobalt(III) sulfite is Co鈧�(SO鈧�)鈧�.
c. Ammonium dichromate is (NH鈧�)鈧侰r鈧侽鈧�.
d. Aluminum fluoride is AlF鈧�.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed from cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions) coming together in such a way that their positive and negative charges balance out. These compounds are generally formed between metals and non-metals. In the given examples, compounds such as mercury(I) sulfide and cobalt(III) sulfite illustrate this concept.
- Cations and Anions: Cations are usually metal ions with a positive charge, while anions are non-metal ions with a negative charge. For instance, in Co鈧�(SO鈧�)鈧�, Cobalt is the metal cation and sulfite is the non-metal anion.
- Charge Balance: Ionic compounds must be electrically neutral. This means the sum of positive charges must equal the sum of negative charges, leading to the balanced formula.
Formula Balancing
The process of formula balancing ensures that the total positive charge in the compound is equal to the total negative charge. This is crucial to form a stable and neutral ionic compound. Let's explore how this is done:
- Identifying Charges: Determine the charge of each ion. For aluminum fluoride, the aluminum ion (Al鲁鈦�) and the fluoride ion (F鈦�) must combine in a ratio that neutralizes their charges.
- Balancing Method: To balance Al鲁鈦� with F鈦�, you need three fluoride ions for every aluminum ion, thus making the formula AlF鈧�.
- Using Subscripts: Subscripts in chemical formulas are used to indicate the number of each type of ion needed. For mercury(I) sulfide, the formula Hg鈧係 shows balancing as the ions already equate to a neutral charge.
Ions Identification
Identifying ions is the initial step in writing chemical formulas for ionic compounds. Each ion has a specific charge, which is essential for determining how it combines with others.
- Metal Ions: Often have positive charges and are typically metallic elements from the periodic table. For example, cobalt in cobalt(III) sulfite is Co鲁鈦�.
- Non-Metal Ions: Usually carry negative charges. Non-metals like sulfite in Co鈧�(SO鈧�)鈧� hold negative polyatomic charges, often more complex than single-element ions.
- Polyatomic Ions: These are charged entities composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded. They act as a single unit, which is evident in ammonium dichromate where NH鈧勨伜 is a commonly used polyatomic cation.
Chemical Nomenclature
Chemical nomenclature is the system of names used to identify chemical substances. Understanding this system is crucial to effectively communicate chemical information.
- Systematic Names: The names of ionic compounds usually consist of two parts - the cation name followed by the anion name. In ammonium dichromate, 'ammonium' is the cation and 'dichromate' is the anion.
- Using Roman Numerals: They are used to indicate the charge of transition metals ions in a compound. For instance, cobalt(III) in cobalt(III) sulfite indicates a Co鲁鈦� ion.
- Simplified Guidelines: For single element ions, the name is just the element, while for polyatomic ions, specific common names like 'sulfite' for SO鈧兟测伝 are used.
