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Chapter 2: Problem 101

An aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and barium hydroxide is heated, and the compounds react to give off ammonia gas. Barium chloride solution and water are also products. Write a balanced equation for the reaction using complete formulas for the compounds with phase labels; indicate that the reactants are heated.

Short Answer

Expert verified
2 NH鈧凜l(aq) + Ba(OH)鈧�(aq) 鈫� 2 NH鈧�(g) + BaCl鈧�(aq) + 2 H鈧侽(l)

Step by step solution

01

Write the Reactants and Products

The reactants in this reaction are ammonium chloride (\( \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} \)) and barium hydroxide (\( \text{Ba(OH)}_2 \)). The products mentioned are ammonia gas (\( \text{NH}_3 \)), barium chloride solution (\( \text{BaCl}_2 \)), and water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)). The reactants are heated. Expressing the phase labels, we have: \( \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} (aq) \) + \( \text{Ba(OH)}_2 (aq) \rightarrow \text{NH}_3 (g) + \text{BaCl}_2 (aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (l) \).
02

Count Atoms for Balancing

Count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the reaction: \( \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} \) provides 1 N, 4 H, and 1 Cl. \( \text{Ba(OH)}_2 \) provides 1 Ba, 2 O, and 2 H, while \( \text{NH}_3 \) results in 1 N, 3 H. \( \text{BaCl}_2 \) will have 1 Ba, 2 Cl, and water \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \) gives 2 H, 1 O. Ensure matching numbers on both sides.
03

Balance Nitrogen Atoms

Balance the nitrogen atoms by ensuring that each 1 mole of \( \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} \) corresponds with 1 mole of \( \text{NH}_3 \). Thus, \( \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} (aq) \) + \( \text{Ba(OH)}_2 (aq) \rightarrow \text{NH}_3 (g) + 1 \text{BaCl}_2 (aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (l) \).
04

Balance Chlorine Atoms

Ensure chlorine atoms are balanced by placing a coefficient of 2 in front of \( \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} \) to match the chlorine in \( \text{BaCl}_2 \): 2 \( \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} (aq) \) + \( \text{Ba(OH)}_2 (aq) \rightarrow \text{NH}_3 (g) + \text{BaCl}_2 (aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (l) \).
05

Balance Hydrogen

Ensure hydrogen atoms are balanced by calculating: 2 \( \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} \) provides 8 H atoms; \( \text{Ba(OH)}_2 \) provides 2 H atoms, totaling 10 H atoms, matched by 2 \( \text{NH}_3 \) + 6 in 6 \( \text{H}_2\text{O}\) as \( 6 \text{H}_2 \rightarrow 3\text{H}_2\text{O} \), or adjust as needed.
06

Balance Oxygen and Finalize

Adjust water molecules so oxygen atoms balance, possibly needing to adjust H counts: results from combining C-N analysis. Solutions may differ if: \( 2 \text{NH}_4\text{Cl}(aq) + \text{Ba(OH)}_2(aq) \rightarrow 2 \text{NH}_3 (g) + \text{BaCl}_2(aq) + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \), balancing everything efficiently.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Aqueous Solutions
In chemistry, an aqueous solution is a solution where water acts as the solvent. This means the substances are dissolved in water. For the reaction discussed, ammonium chloride and barium hydroxide are dissolved in water forming an aqueous solution.
  • The notation \((aq)\) next to a compound indicates it's in an aqueous state.
  • This is crucial for reactions because the ions in these compounds can freely move and react.
By being in an aqueous solution, the reactants can more readily interact, making the reaction feasible when heated.
Ammonium Chloride Reaction
Ammonium chloride \((NH_4Cl)\) reacts with barium hydroxide \((Ba(OH)_2)\) in this chemical equation. This interaction is significant because it produces ammonia gas upon heating.
  • Ammonium chloride provides ammonium ions \((NH_4^+)\) which are important for the formation of ammonia.
  • This reaction helps showcase how endothermic reactions can result in gas production.
As one of the primary reactants, ammonium chloride's role is vital for the release of gaseous products.
Barium Hydroxide Reaction
Barium hydroxide \((Ba(OH)_2)\) is another reactant in the process. It reacts with ammonium chloride in an aqueous solution to produce barium chloride, water, and ammonia gas.
  • It provides hydroxide ions \((OH^鈭�)\) that facilitate the overall reaction.
  • The presence of barium ions \((Ba^{2+})\) ensures the formation of new compounds like barium chloride.
It exemplifies how transition metal hydroxides participate in complex reactions.
Ammonia Gas Production
The production of ammonia \((NH_3)\) gas is a highlight in this reaction. As the solution is heated, ammonia is released as a gas, demonstrating the effects of thermal energy on chemical reactions.
  • Ammonia is a pungent, colorless gas, which is soluble in water and plays an important role in various chemical industries.
  • The production of ammonia gas indicates a shift from aqueous reactants to gaseous products, showcasing a key aspect of gas evolution reactions.
Understanding ammonia gas evolution is important in studying practical applications of such reactions.
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry involves calculating the relative quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions. In the context of the given reaction, stoichiometry was used to balance the equation.
  • Balancing involves ensuring that the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides of the reaction equation.
  • This allows chemists to accurately predict the amounts of reactants needed and products formed.
By using stoichiometric principles, the equation \(2 NH_4Cl(aq) + Ba(OH)_2(aq) \rightarrow 2 NH_3(g) + BaCl_2(aq) + 2H_2O(l)\) was carefully balanced, reflecting the law of conservation of mass.

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