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Chapter 15: Problem 12

Which is more acidic, a solution having a pH of 4 or one having a pH of 5 ?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A solution with a pH of 4 is more acidic than one with a pH of 5.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding pH Scale

The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is, with lower numbers indicating higher acidity. It ranges from 0 to 14, where a pH less than 7 represents an acidic solution.
02

Compare pH Values

We compare the pH values given in the exercise. One solution has a pH of 4 and the other has a pH of 5.
03

Determine Acidity

Since a lower pH value indicates higher acidity, the solution with a pH of 4 is more acidic than the solution with a pH of 5.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Acidity
Acidity refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions ( H^+ ) present in a solution. The more hydrogen ions there are, the more acidic the solution is considered to be.

The pH scale, ranging from 0 to 14, is a tool used to determine the acidity (and basicity) of a solution. Acids have a pH ranging from 0 to just below 7.

Understanding acidity is crucial in various fields, such as chemistry, biology, and environmental science, as it affects chemical reactions, biological processes, and environmental conditions.
  • Solutions with more hydrogen ions are more acidic and have a lower pH.
  • Acidity is inversely related to pH 鈥� as one increases, the other decreases.
pH Comparison
When comparing the acidity of solutions, the pH scale is a valuable tool. A simple comparison of pH values can reveal which solution is more acidic.

In this case, we have two pH values:
  • pH 4 for one solution
  • pH 5 for the other solution
Lower pH values indicate stronger acidity. Therefore, a solution with a pH of 4 is more acidic than one with a pH of 5.

It's important to note that the pH scale is logarithmic. This means that each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. Thus, the difference in acidity between pH 4 and pH 5 is tenfold.
Acidic Solution
An acidic solution is one where the concentration of hydrogen ions is higher than that of hydroxide ions ( OH^- ). Such solutions typically have a pH less than 7, making them easily identifiable on the pH scale.

The presence of a higher concentration of hydrogen ions gives acidic solutions certain properties:
  • Sour taste (e.g., lemon juice, vinegar)
  • Corrosive nature
  • Ability to conduct electricity
Understanding these characteristics helps in identifying and handling acidic solutions safely and intentionally.

For instance, knowing that a solution with a pH of 4 is more acidic than one with a pH of 5 can guide decisions in scientific research, industrial applications, and everyday life tasks like cooking or cleaning.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A sample of vinegar has a hydronium-ion concentration of \(3.0 \times 10^{-3} M .\) What is the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of the vinegar?

Blood contains several substances that minimize changes in its acidity by reacting with either an acid or a base. One of these is the hydrogen phosphate ion, \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2-}\). Write one equation showing this species acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid and another in which the species acts as a Bronsted- Lowry base.

Hypophosphorous acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{2},\) and phosphoric acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4},\) have approximately the same acid strengths. From this information, and noting the possibility that one or more hydrogen atoms may be directly bonded to the phosphorus atom, draw the structural formula of hypophosphorous acid. How many grams of sodium hydroxide would be required to completely neutralize \(1.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of this acid?

Which of the following \(\mathrm{pH}\) values indicate an acidic solution at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\) Which are basic and which are neutral? a) 4.6 b)7.0 c) 1.6 d) 10.5

Phosphorous acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3},\) and phosphoric acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\), have approximately the same acid strengths. From this information, and noting the possibility that one or more hydrogen atoms may be directly bonded to the phosphorus atom, draw the structural formula of phosphorous acid. How many grams of sodium hydroxide would be required to completely neutralize \(1.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of this acid? 15.130 Hypophosphorous acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{2},\) and phosphoric acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\), have approximately the same acid strengths. From this information, and noting the possibility that one or more hydrogen atoms may be directly bonded to the phosphorus atom, draw the structural formula of hypophosphorous acid. How many grams of sodium hydroxide would be required to completely neutralize \(1.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of this acid?
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