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Chapter 10: Problem 2

A white precipitate of \(\mathrm{Sn}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}\) is peptized with dil. \(\mathrm{HCl}\). The sol particle will carry (a) Positive charge (b) Negative charge (c) Sometimes positive and sometimes negative charge (d) No charge

Short Answer

Expert verified
The sol particle carries a positive charge (option a).

Step by step solution

01

Understand the problem

We are given that a white precipitate of \(\mathrm{Sn}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}\) is peptized with dilute \(\mathrm{HCl}\). We are asked about the charge of the sol particles formed as a result.
02

Understand peptization

Peptization is the process of forming a colloidal solution from a precipitate by adding a small amount of electrolyte. The electrolyte provides ions that stabilize the colloidal particles by giving them a charge.
03

Identify the ion responsible for charge

In this case, \(\mathrm{HCl}\) is the electrolyte. \(\mathrm{HCl}\) dissociates into \(\mathrm{H}^+\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}^-\) ions. The \(\mathrm{Sn}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}\) particles tend to adsorb \(\mathrm{H}^+\) ions from \(\mathrm{HCl}\), which are more easily adsorbed than \(\mathrm{Cl}^-\) ions because of their smaller size and higher charge density.
04

Determine the charge of the sol particles

Since \(\mathrm{Sn}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}\) adsorbs \(\mathrm{H}^+\) ions, the sol particles acquire a positive charge due to the adsorbed hydrogen ions.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Peptization
Peptization is a fascinating process in colloidal chemistry where a precipitate disperses into a colloidal solution. This happens by adding a small amount of an electrolyte. The process transforms large aggregates into smaller, stable colloidal particles. Here's how it works in detail:

  • Electrolyte Role: The added electrolyte dissociates into ions, which surround the precipitate particles.
  • Adsorption of Ions: The ions either stabilize or destabilize these particles. Stabilization occurs when ions get adsorbed onto the particle surface, providing a charge that prevents coagulation.
  • Dispersal: With these ions adsorbed, the particles repel each other, forming a stable colloidal suspension.
Understanding peptization is crucial because it allows for the practical formation and stabilization of colloids used in various applications ranging from food production to medicines.
Electrolytes in Colloids
Electrolytes play a pivotal role in the behavior and formation of colloids. When they dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions.
These ions are crucial for the stability of colloqal systems. Their specific roles include:
  • Stabilizing Colloids: Ions adsorb on colloidal particle surfaces, giving the particles a net charge that prevents them from sticking together.
  • Inducing Dispersion: By surrounding larger aggregates, they transform them into evenly dispersed colloids.
  • Choosing the Right Ion: Not all ions have the same effect. For instance, a positively charged ion (like \( \mathrm{H}^+ \)) may preferentially adsorb over a negatively charged ion (like \( \mathrm{Cl}^- \)), depending on the nature of the colloidal particles.
In the study of colloidal chemistry, understanding how different ions interact with particles is essential for manipulating and controlling colloidal properties.
Charge of Colloidal Particles
The charge on colloidal particles is a fundamental attribute that determines their stability and behavior. It arises primarily from the adsorption of ions from a surrounding medium. Here鈥檚 a closer look at what affects the charge:
  • Adsorption of Ions: Colloidal particles tend to preferentially adsorb certain ions from an electrolyte solution, leading to a net positive or negative charge.
  • Incident Case with \( \mathrm{Sn(OH)}_4 \): In the example given, when \( \mathrm{Sn(OH)}_4 \) is exposed to \( \mathrm{HCl} \), it adsorbs \( \mathrm{H}^+ \) ions more readily. This results in a positively charged colloidal particle.
  • Charge Density: The small size and high charge density of ions like \( \mathrm{H}^+ \) make them more likely to be adsorbed than larger, less charged ions.
The nature of the charge determines the interactions with other particles and surfaces, influencing whether a colloidal system will be stable or prone to coagulation.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Some of the following are true solutions: I : Air II : Sea water III : Gasoline V: Wine IV V: Pearl VI : Blood Select true solutions: (a) I, II, III, IV (b) II, III, IV, V (c) I, IV, V, VI (d) II, IV, VI

For adsorption, the thermodynamic requirement is that (a) \(\Delta \mathrm{H}\) must be negative (b) \(\Delta \mathrm{S}\) must be negative (c) \(\Delta \mathrm{G}\) must be negative (d) \(\Delta H, \Delta S\) and \(\Delta G\) must be negative

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