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Chapter 10: Problem 2

When an acid is dissolved in water, what ion does the water form?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Water forms the hydronium ion (H鈧僌鈦�) when an acid dissolves.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Acid Dissociation

When an acid is dissolved in water, it donates a proton (H鈦�) to water. This is due to the nature of acids, which are proton donors.
02

Understand Water's Reaction

Water acts as a base and accepts the proton (H鈦�) from the acid. This ability classifies water as an amphoteric substance, meaning it can act as both an acid and a base.
03

Form the Hydronium Ion

The proton (H鈦�) from the acid bonds with a water molecule (H鈧侽) to form the hydronium ion. Thus, the hydronium ion is represented by the formula H鈧僌鈦�.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Acid Dissociation
When an acid is dissolved in water, a process known as acid dissociation occurs. This means that the acid gives up a proton, which is a hydrogen ion (H鈦�).
  • Acids are generally known as proton donors because they release H鈦� ions when dissolved in water.
  • The strength of an acid depends on how easily it can donate protons.
  • Common examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and acetic acid (CH鈧僀OOH).
During acid dissociation, the acid molecule undergoes a structural change. For instance, when hydrochloric acid is dissolved in water, it dissociates to form H鈦� and Cl鈦� ions. The ability of acids to donate protons is what sets the stage for further reactions in an aqueous solution.
Amphoteric Nature of Water
Water is a unique substance with the ability to act both as an acid and a base, a property known as amphoterism. This makes water exceptionally versatile in chemical reactions.
When water acts as a base, it accepts protons.
  • In contrast, when water acts as an acid, it can donate protons to other substances.
  • This dual behavior is essential in maintaining pH balance in various biological and chemical systems.
  • Water鈥檚 amphoteric nature also plays a crucial role in facilitating reactions in both acidic and basic environments.
For example, in the case of acid dissociation, water accepts a proton from the acid, demonstrating its ability to act as a base. This flexibility allows water to partake in numerous chemical reactions, making it indispensable in chemical processes.
Hydronium Ion Formation
One of the key outcomes of an acid dissolving in water is the formation of the hydronium ion.
  • When an acid releases a proton (H鈦�), this positively charged ion doesn鈥檛 exist on its own for long.
  • It promptly associates with a water molecule (H鈧侽), forming a hydronium ion (H鈧僌鈦�).
  • The formation of H鈧僌鈦� ions is crucial for defining the acidity of a solution.
Hydronium ions are central to the concept of pH, which measures the concentration of H鈧僌鈦� ions in a solution. A higher concentration of hydronium ions indicates a more acidic solution. Therefore, understanding how hydronium ions form helps clarify why certain solutions act acidic and how they can interact with bases to reach neutralization.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Does a salt always contain sodium ions?

The main component of bleach is sodium hypochlorite, \(\mathrm{NaOCl}\), which consists of sodium ions, \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\), and hypochlorite ions, \(\mathrm{OCl}\). What products are formed when this compound is reacted with the hydrochloric acid, HCl, of toilet bowl cleaner?

What atom in the ammonium ion, \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\), bears the positive charge?

Sodium hydroxide is added to a buffer solution of ammonia, \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\), and ammonium chloride, \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\). What is the effect on the concentration of ammonia? On the concentration of ammonium chloride?

Water is formed from the reaction between an acid and a base. Why is water not classified as a salt?
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