Chapter 5: Problem 97
How are fuel values calculated from molar enthalpies of combustion?
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Chapter 5: Problem 97
How are fuel values calculated from molar enthalpies of combustion?
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
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The heavier hydrocarbons in white gas are hexanes \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}\right)\) a. Calculate the fuel value of \(C_{6} H_{14},\) given that \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{comb}}^{\circ}=-4163 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) b. How much energy is released during the combustion of \(1.00 \mathrm{kg}\) of \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14} ?\) c. How many grams of \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}\) are needed to heat \(1.00 \mathrm{kg}\) of water from \(25.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(85.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\) Assume that all the energy released during combustion is used to heat the water. d. Assume white gas is \(25 \%\) C \(_{5}\) hydrocarbons and \(75 \% \mathrm{C}_{6}\) hydrocarbons; how many grams of white gas are needed to heat \(1.00 \mathrm{kg}\) of water from \(25.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(85.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\)
Iron metal is obtained by reducing iron oxide with carbon. The balanced chemical equation for making iron from \(\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) is: $$2 \mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(\mathrm{s})+3 \mathrm{C}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow 4 \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{s})+3 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})$$ Iron melts at \(1538^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) with \(\Delta H_{\text {fus }}=19.4 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} .\) The molar heat capacity of iron is \(c_{\mathrm{P}, \mathrm{Fe}}=25.1 \mathrm{J} /\left(\mathrm{mol} \cdot^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right) .\) Is the energy required to melt recycled iron less than that needed to reduce the iron in \(\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) to the free metal?
Ammonium nitrate decomposes to \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and water vapor at temperatures between \(250^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(300^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\) Write a balanced chemical reaction describing the decomposition of ammonium nitrate, and calculate the enthalpy of reaction by using the appropriate enthalpies of formation from Appendix 4.
An equal amount of energy is added to pieces of metal \(\mathrm{A}\) and metal \(\mathrm{B}\) that have the same mass. Why does the metal with the smaller specific heat reach the higher temperature?
Baking soda decomposes on heating as follows, creating the holes in baked bread: $$2 \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\ell)$$ Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(s)\) from the following information: $$\begin{aligned} \Delta H_{\mathrm{rxn}}^{\circ} &=-129.3 \mathrm{kJ} & \Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}\left[\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(s)\right] &=-1131 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \\ \Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}\left[\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\right] &=-394 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} & \Delta H_{5}^{\mathrm{C}}\left[\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\ell)\right] &=-286 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \end{aligned}$$
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