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Chapter 2: Problem 83

The most abundant cations in blood plasma are \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}, \mathrm{K}^{+}, \mathrm{Mg}^{2+},\) and \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+} .\) Two of the principal anions are \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) and \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{-} .\) Write the formulas of the eight ionic compounds these cations and anions form.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The 8 ionic compounds formed are: NaCl, Na鈧侶PO鈧, KCl, K鈧侶PO鈧, MgCl鈧, MgHPO鈧, CaCl鈧, and CaHPO鈧.

Step by step solution

01

List all cations and anions

We are given 4 cations: 1. Sodium (Na鈦) 2. Potassium (K鈦) 3. Magnesium (Mg虏鈦) 4. Calcium (Ca虏鈦) And 2 anions: 1. Chloride (Cl鈦) 2. Hydrogen phosphate (HPO鈧劼测伝)
02

Combine the cations and anions to form ionic compounds

When forming ionic compounds, we need to make sure that the charges of the cations and anions balance. Let's do this for each cation and anion. 1. Sodium (Na鈦): a. With Chloride (Cl鈦): Na鈦 + Cl鈦 鈫 NaCl, b. With Hydrogen phosphate (HPO鈧劼测伝): Na鈦 + HPO鈧劼测伝 鈫 Na鈧侶PO鈧 (as 2 Na鈦 ions balance 1 HPO鈧劼测伝 ion). 2. Potassium (K鈦): a. With Chloride (Cl鈦): K鈦 + Cl鈦 鈫 KCl, b. With Hydrogen phosphate (HPO鈧劼测伝): K鈦 + HPO鈧劼测伝 鈫 K鈧侶PO鈧 (as 2 K鈦 ions balance 1 HPO鈧劼测伝 ion). 3. Magnesium (Mg虏鈦): a. With Chloride (Cl鈦): Mg虏鈦 + 2 Cl鈦 鈫 MgCl鈧 (as 1 Mg虏鈦 ion balances 2 Cl鈦 ions), b. With Hydrogen phosphate (HPO鈧劼测伝): Mg虏鈦 + HPO鈧劼测伝 鈫 MgHPO鈧 (the charges of Mg虏鈦 and HPO鈧劼测伝 ions are equal and opposite). 4. Calcium (Ca虏鈦): a. With Chloride (Cl鈦): Ca虏鈦 + 2 Cl鈦 鈫 CaCl鈧 (as 1 Ca虏鈦 ion balances 2 Cl鈦 ions), b. With Hydrogen phosphate (HPO鈧劼测伝): Ca虏鈦 + HPO鈧劼测伝 鈫 CaHPO鈧 (the charges of Ca虏鈦 and HPO鈧劼测伝 ions are equal and opposite).
03

List the formulas of the 8 ionic compounds

Now let's list the formulas of the 8 ionic compounds that can be formed by the cations and anions given in the exercise: 1. NaCl 2. Na鈧侶PO鈧 3. KCl 4. K鈧侶PO鈧 5. MgCl鈧 6. MgHPO鈧 7. CaCl鈧 8. CaHPO鈧

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Blood Plasma Cations
Understanding the role of blood plasma cations is crucial for grasping the fundamentals of biochemistry and physiology. These positively charged ions are essential for various bodily functions, including nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and maintaining the overall fluid balance in the body.

The most prevalent cations in blood plasma are sodium (Na鈦), potassium (K鈦), magnesium (Mg虏鈦), and calcium (Ca虏鈦). Sodium and potassium are involved in the nervous system's electrical activities, while magnesium and calcium play pivotal roles in bone health, enzymatic reactions, and cardiovascular function.
Blood Plasma Anions
Just like cations, blood plasma anions are vital for the body's chemical balance. These negatively charged ions work in concert with cations to help regulate pH levels, osmotic balance, and cellular function. In blood plasma, the primary anions include chloride (Cl鈦) and hydrogen phosphate (HPO鈧劼测伝).

Chloride is the most abundant anion, playing a key role in maintaining fluid balance and contributing to gastric acid. Hydrogen phosphate is essential for energy storage and release, as it is part of ATP, the energy currency of the cell. These anions also form ionic bonds with cations to create various compounds crucial for bodily functions.
Ionic Compound Formulas
The correct combination of cations and anions leads to the formation of ionic compound formulas. When writing these formulas, it's essential to ensure that the net charge of the compound is zero, meaning the total positive charge from the cations equals the total negative charge from the anions. This process involves using valency and the criss-cross method, where the charge of one ion becomes the subscript of the other ion, thereby balancing charges.

This is why we see formulas like Na鈧侶PO鈧, wherein two sodium ions (each with a charge of +1) balance one hydrogen phosphate ion (with a charge of -2). Similarly, MgCl鈧 forms because one magnesium ion (with a charge of +2) balances two chloride ions (each with a charge of -1).
Chemical Balance
The concept of chemical balance is central to understanding how biological systems function. In the body, this balance is maintained through the careful regulation of ionic concentrations. Homeostasis, the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, depends on this delicate balance between cations and anions.

Disturbances in this balance can lead to conditions such as acidosis or alkalosis, which arise when there is too much acidity or alkalinity in the blood plasma. Therefore, the ionic compounds formed in the blood must be precisely regulated, since they influence pH, osmotic pressure, and the overall ionic milieu inside and outside the cells.

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