/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 35 Indicate whether each statement ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 13: Problem 35

Indicate whether each statement is true or false: (a) The higher the temperature, the more soluble most gases are in water. (b) The higher the temperature, the more soluble most ionic solids are in water. (c) As you cool a saturated solution from high temperature to low temperature, solids start to crystallize out of solution if you achieve a supersaturated solution. (d) If you take a saturated solution and raise its temperature, you can (usually) add more solute and make the solution even more concentrated.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) False - The solubility of gases in water generally decreases with an increase in temperature. (b) True - The solubility of most ionic solids in water usually increases with an increase in temperature. (c) True - When a saturated solution cools down and becomes supersaturated, solids start to crystallize out of the solution. (d) Generally True - When the temperature increases, more solute can be added to a saturated solution to make it even more concentrated, especially for ionic solids. However, for gases, this statement is false, as their solubility decreases with increasing temperature.

Step by step solution

01

Statement (a)

The statement says that the higher the temperature, the more soluble most gases are in water. This statement is incorrect, as the solubility of gases in water generally decreases with an increase in temperature. Thus, this statement is false.
02

Statement (b)

The statement says that the higher the temperature, the more soluble most ionic solids are in water. In general, this statement is correct. When the temperature increases, the solubility of most ionic solids in water usually increases. So, this statement is true.
03

Statement (c)

The statement refers to the process of cooling a saturated solution: as temperature decreases, solids start to crystallize out of the solution if it becomes supersaturated. This statement is true. When a saturated solution cools down, its solubility decreases; this creates a supersaturated condition, where there is more solute dissolved in the solution than its solubility allows at the new lower temperature. As a result, the excess solute starts to crystallize out of the solution.
04

Statement (d)

The statement says that if the temperature of a saturated solution is raised, more solute can be added to make the solution even more concentrated. This statement is generally true, especially for ionic solids. When the temperature increases, the solubility of most ionic solids in water also increases, which means that more solute can be added to the solution before reaching saturation. However, for gases this statement would be false, as the solubility of gases in water decreases with increasing temperature.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Temperature Effects on Solubility
Temperature plays a crucial role in determining the solubility of substances in water. For most solids, such as salts, as temperature increases, their solubility tends to increase as well. This means that you can dissolve more of the solid in a solvent at a higher temperature.

When it comes to gases, the situation is different. As the temperature of water rises, the solubility of gases decreases. This occurs because increased kinetic energy at higher temperatures allows gas molecules to escape from the liquid more easily.

Here's a quick summary of temperature effects on solubility:
  • Increased temperature often increases solubility for solids.
  • Increased temperature usually decreases solubility for gases.
Knowing these effects is important in various applications, like improving reaction rates in industrial processes or understanding environmental phenomena, such as decreased oxygen in warm water bodies.
Gas Solubility in Water
Gas solubility in water is inversely related to temperature. Gases are unique because as water heats up, their solubility decreases. This means fewer gas molecules can be held within the water at higher temperatures.

Think about a soda can: when opened, if it's warm, it fizzes more quickly than when cold. This fizzing is gas escaping from the liquid quickly because of lowered solubility at higher temperatures.

Several factors influence gas solubility in water:
  • Temperature: Higher temperatures reduce solubility.
  • Pressure: Increasing pressure can increase gas solubility.
  • Nature of Gas: Different gases have varying solubility levels.
Understanding how gases dissolve in water is essential for studying aquatic environments, designing industrial processes, and even in simple everyday contexts such as carbonated drinks.
Ionic Solids Solubility
The solubility of ionic solids, like table salt and other similar compounds, generally increases with temperature. Ionic compounds dissolve in water due to the breaking apart of their positive and negative ions, which then get surrounded and stabilized by water molecules.

When the water temperature increases, its molecules move more vigorously, helping to break down the solid structure of ionic compounds more effectively. This allows more solute to dissolve, resulting in higher solubility.

Here's why ionic solid solubility matters:
  • Increased solubility with temperature can help dissolve unwanted deposits from pipes in industrial applications.
  • Allows for creating more concentrated solutions at higher temperatures for various chemical reactions.
Understanding the behavior of ionic solid solubility with temperature is essential for tasks varying from cooking to large-scale industrial processes.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

At \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), the vapor pressure of benzene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right)\) is \(10 \mathrm{kPa}\), and that of toluene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{8}\right)\) is \(2.9 \mathrm{kPa}\). Assume that benzene and toluene form an ideal solution. (a) What is the composition in mole fraction of a solution that has a vapor pressure of \(4.7 \mathrm{kPa}\) at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\) (b) What is the mole fraction of benzene in the vapor above the solution described in part (a)?

If you compare the solubilities of the noble gases in water, you find that solubility increases from smallest atomic weight to largest, \(\mathrm{Ar}<\mathrm{Kr}<\mathrm{Xe}\). Which of the following statements is the best explanation? [Section 13.3] (a) The heavier the gas, the more it sinks to the bottom of the water and leaves room for more gas molecules at the top of the water. (b) The heavier the gas, the more dispersion forces it has, and therefore the more attractive interactions it has with water molecules. (c) The heavier the gas, the more likely it is to hydrogenbond with water. (d) The heavier the gas, the more likely it is to make a saturated solution in water.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false: (a) A solute will dissolve in a solvent if solute-solute interactions are stronger than solute-solvent interactions. (b) In making a solution, the enthalpy of mixing is always a positive number. (c) An increase in entropy favors mixing.

You make a solution of a nonvolatile solute with a liquid solvent. Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false. (a) The freezing point of the solution is unchanged by addition of the solvent. (b) The solid that forms as the solution freezes is nearly pure solute. (c) The freezing point of the solution is independent of the concentration of the solute. (d) The boiling point of the solution increases in proportion to the concentration of the solute. (e) At any temperature, the vapor pressure of the solvent over the solution is lower than what it would be for the pure solvent.

Two nonpolar organic liquids, benzene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right)\) and toluene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{8}\right),\) are mixed. (a) Do you expect \(\Delta H_{\text {soln }}\) to be a large positive number, a large negative number, or close to zero? Explain. (b) Benzene and toluene are miscible with each other in all proportions. In making a solution of them, is the entropy of the system increased, decreased, or close to zero, compared to the separate pure liquids?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.