/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 67 A piece of dry ice (solid carbon... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

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A piece of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) with a mass of \(20.0 \mathrm{~g}\) is placed in a 25.0-L vessel that already contains air at \(50.66 \mathrm{kPa}\) and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). After the carbon dioxide has totally sublimed, what is the partial pressure of the resultant \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) gas, and the total pressure in the container at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
\(n_{CO_2} = 0.454 \mathrm{~mol}\) Step 2: Find the partial pressure of carbon dioxide #tag_title#Determine the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide gas #tag_content# Use the Ideal Gas Law equation, \(PV = nRT\), where \(P\) is the pressure, \(V\) is the volume, \(n\) is the number of moles, \(R\) is the Ideal Gas Constant (\(8.314 \mathrm{J/mol\cdot K}\)), and \(T\) is the temperature in Kelvin. First, convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin: \(T = 25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} + 273.15 = 298.15 \mathrm{K}\) Now, rearrange the Ideal Gas Law equation to find the pressure: \(P_{CO_2} = \frac{n_{CO_2}RT}{V}\) Calculate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide: \(P_{CO_2} = \frac{(0.454 \mathrm{~mol})(8.314 \mathrm{J/mol\cdot K})(298.15 \mathrm{K})}{25.0 \mathrm{~L}}\) \(P_{CO_2} = 45.75 \mathrm{kPa}\) Step 3: Calculate the total pressure in the container #tag_title#Determine the total pressure in the container #tag_content# Now, simply add the partial pressures of the air and carbon dioxide to find the total pressure. The air pressure is given as \(50.66\ \mathrm{kPa}\): \(P_{total} = P_{air} + P_{CO_2}\) \(P_{total} = 50.66 \mathrm{kPa} + 45.75 \mathrm{kPa}\) \(P_{total} = 96.41 \mathrm{kPa}\) So, the partial pressure of the resultant carbon dioxide gas is \(45.75 \mathrm{kPa}\), and the total pressure in the container at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(96.41 \mathrm{kPa}\).

Step by step solution

01

Determine the moles of dry ice present in the container

We are given that mass of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) is \(20.0\ g\). To calculate the moles, we must use the molar mass of carbon dioxide, which is approximately \(44.01\ g/mol\). The formula for the number of moles is given by: Number of moles, \(n = \frac{mass}{molar\ mass}\) Calculate the number of moles of dry ice using this formula: \(n_{CO_2} = \frac{20.0 \mathrm{~g}}{44.01 \mathrm{~g/mol}}\)

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Sublimation of CO2
Sublimation is an interesting process where a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. This can happen when a substance absorbs enough energy to break the bonds that keep its molecules together in solid form. Carbon dioxide (CO2), commonly known as dry ice when solid, undergoes sublimation. When you place dry ice in an open environment or a container, it absorbs heat from its surroundings and transforms into carbon dioxide gas.
This process is particularly useful because it maintains a constantly cold temperature without getting wet, making it ideal for transportation of perishable goods, among other applications. For our exercise, the dry ice sublime entirely into gaseous form inside the container, increasing the volume of gas and impacting the pressure within the vessel. Understanding sublimation is crucial as it directly affects the pressure calculations in the gas laws used to solve such exercises.
Ideal Gas Law
The Ideal Gas Law is a useful equation that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas in a closed system. The formula is expressed as:\[ PV = nRT \]Where:
  • \(P\) is the pressure of the gas
  • \(V\) is the volume of the container
  • \(n\) is the number of moles of the gas
  • \(R\) is the ideal gas constant
  • \(T\) is the temperature in Kelvin
Understanding this equation is essential in solving gas problems because it allows us to calculate one property of the gas if the others are known.
In our exercise, once the CO2 is completely sublimed, the Ideal Gas Law helps determine the partial pressure of CO2 in the container. Each gas in a mixture contributes to the total pressure, a concept known as partial pressure, which is essential in solving these types of problems.
Molar Mass of CO2
The molar mass of CO2 is an important constant when dealing with calculations involving this gas. It allows for conversion between the mass and the number of moles, which is vital in chemical reactions and gas laws. The calculation for molar mass involves adding the atomic masses of all the atoms in the chemical formula:
  • One carbon atom with an atomic mass of approximately \(12.01\ g/mol\)
  • Two oxygen atoms with an atomic mass of approximately \(16.00\ g/mol\) each
Adding these values gives a total molar mass of roughly \(44.01\ g/mol\) for CO2. This precise value helps in calculating the amount of substance (moles) from a given mass and is critical in translating laboratory or theoretical data into practical results.
In the given exercise, the molar mass of CO2 is used to determine how many moles of solid CO2 are initially present, a crucial step needed for further calculations involving gas pressure using the Ideal Gas Law.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which statement concerning the van der Waals constants \(a\) and \(b\) is true? (a) The magnitude of \(a\) relates to molecular volume, whereas \(b\) relates to attractions between molecules. (b) The magnitude of \(a\) relates to attractions between molecules, whereas \(b\) relates to molecular volume. (c) The magnitudes of \(a\) and \(b\) depend on pressure. (d) The magnitudes of \(a\) and \(b\) depend on temperature.

A gas of unknown molecular mass was allowed to effuse through a small opening under constant-pressure conditions. It required \(105 \mathrm{~s}\) for \(1.0 \mathrm{~L}\) of the gas to effuse. Under identical experimental conditions it required \(31 \mathrm{~s}\) for \(1.0 \mathrm{~L}\) of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) gas to effuse. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown gas. (Remember that the faster the rate of effusion, the shorter the time required for effusion of \(1.0 \mathrm{~L} ;\) in other words, rate is the amount that diffuses over the time it takes to diffuse.)

It turns out that the van der Waals constant \(b\) equals four times the total volume actually occupied by the molecules of a mole of gas. Using this figure, calculate the fraction of the volume in a container actually occupied by Ar atoms (a) at STP, (b) at 20.27 MPa pressure and \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (Assume for simplicity that the ideal-gas equation still holds.)

Acetylene gas, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\), can be prepared by the reaction of calcium carbide with water: $$\mathrm{CaC}_{2}(s)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)$$ Calculate the volume of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}\) that is collected over water at \(23^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) by reaction of \(1.524 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{CaC}_{2}\) if the total pressure of the gas is \(100.4 \mathrm{kPa}\). (The vapor pressure of water is tabulated in Appendix B.)

Indicate which of the following statements regarding the kinetic-molecular theory of gases are correct. (a) The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas molecules at a given temperature is proportional to \(m^{1 / 2}\). (b) The gas molecules are assumed to exert no forces on each other. (c) All the molecules of a gas at a given temperature have the same kinetic energy. (d) The volume of the gas molecules is negligible in comparison to the total volume in which the gas is contained. (e) All gas molecules move with the same speed if they are at the same temperature.

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