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Chapter 2: Problem 70

Give the names and charges of the cation and anion in each of the following compounds: (a) CuS, (b) \(\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\), (c) \(\mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\right)_{3}\), (d) \(\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\), (e) \(\mathrm{PbCO}_{3}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
CuS: Cu虏鈦� and S虏鈦�; Ag鈧係O鈧�: Ag鈦� and SO鈧劼测伝; Al(ClO鈧�)鈧�: Al鲁鈦� and ClO鈧冣伝; Co(OH)鈧�: Co虏鈦� and OH鈦�; PbCO鈧�: Pb虏鈦� and CO鈧兟测伝.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Cation and Anion in CuS

The compound CuS consists of copper (Cu) and sulfur (S). Copper as a cation is denoted as Cu and has a charge of +2, forming Cu虏鈦�. Sulfur forms the anion sulfide with a charge of -2, denoted as S虏鈦�.
02

Identify the Cation and Anion in Ag鈧係O鈧�

The compound Ag鈧係O鈧� includes silver (Ag) and the sulfate group (SO鈧�). Silver's cation is Ag鈦� (charge of +1). The sulfate group, which is the anion, has a charge of -2, denoted as SO鈧劼测伝.
03

Identify the Cation and Anion in Al(ClO鈧�)鈧�

Al(ClO鈧�)鈧� is composed of aluminum (Al) and the chlorate group (ClO鈧�). Aluminum forms a cation with a +3 charge, denoted as Al鲁鈦�. The chlorate group acts as the anion and carries a charge of -1, denoted as ClO鈧冣伝.
04

Identify the Cation and Anion in Co(OH)鈧�

Co(OH)鈧� consists of cobalt (Co) and the hydroxide group (OH). Cobalt in this compound has a +2 charge, written as Co虏鈦�. The hydroxide group is the anion and has a charge of -1, represented as OH鈦�.
05

Identify the Cation and Anion in PbCO鈧�

PbCO鈧� contains lead (Pb) and the carbonate group (CO鈧�). Lead forms a cation with a +2 charge, expressed as Pb虏鈦�. The carbonate group serves as the anion with a -2 charge, symbolized as CO鈧兟测伝.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Cation and Anion Identification
Understanding the concept of cations and anions is fundamental in chemistry, especially when dealing with ionic compounds. These compounds are formed when atoms or groups of atoms gain or lose electrons, becoming charged particles known as ions.
  • Cation: This is a positively charged ion. Atoms become cations by losing one or more electrons. For instance, copper (Cu) in the compound CuS loses two electrons, forming a cation with a charge of +2, denoted as Cu虏鈦�.

  • Anion: An anion is a negatively charged ion, formed when an atom gains electrons. Sulfur (S) in CuS, for example, gains two electrons to become sulfide with a charge of -2, noted as S虏鈦�.

By identifying cations and anions, you can better understand the composition and behavior of an ionic compound, allowing you to predict its properties and reactions.
Chemical Formulas
Chemical formulas provide a snapshot of the elements present in a compound and their respective quantities. They offer a simple way to express complex chemical concepts in a compact form.
  • Writing Formulas: In a chemical formula, the elements are represented by their chemical symbols, and the number of each type of atom is indicated by a subscript. For example, in the sulfate group \( ext{SO}_{4}\), the subscript '4' signifies four oxygen atoms bonded with one sulfur atom.

  • Comprehending Compounds: For instance, the formula \( ext{Ag}_{2} ext{SO}_{4}\) reveals that the compound is made of 2 silver atoms and 1 sulfate group. This representation helps chemists understand how the elements interact within the compound.

Interpreting chemical formulas is key to predicting chemical bonds and reactions, facilitating a deeper comprehension of chemical processes.
Chemical Charges
The concept of chemical charges is pivotal for understanding how atoms and ions interact in compounds. Charges arise from the transfer or sharing of electrons due to differences in electronegativity.
  • Determining Charge: Chemical charges can be determined based on electron gain or loss. Silver (Ag) loses one electron to have a charge of +1, whereas sulfate (SO鈧�) gains two electrons, resulting in a charge of -2.

  • Charge Balance: In ionic compounds, the total positive charge and negative charge should balance each other to create a neutral compound. For Co(OH)鈧�, cobalt Co虏鈦� and two hydroxide ions OH鈦� work together to nullify the overall charge to zero.

Understanding chemical charges is essential for predicting the resulting structure and stability of ionic compounds, as well as their potential chemical reactions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Provide the name or chemical formula, as appropriate, for each of the following acids: (a) hydroiodic acid, (b) chloric acid, \((\mathbf{c})\) nitrous acid, \((\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{HClO}_{4},(\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH} .\)

From the following list of elements \(-\mathrm{Mg}, \mathrm{Li}, \mathrm{Tl}, \mathrm{Pb}, \mathrm{Se}, \mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{Xe}, \mathrm{Si},\) C-pick the one that best fits each description. Use each element only once: \((\mathbf{a})\) an alkali metal, \((\mathbf{b})\) an alkaline earth metal, \((\mathbf{c})\) a noble gas, \((\mathbf{d})\) a halogen, \((\mathbf{e})\) a metalloidin group \(14,(\mathbf{f})\) a nonmetal listed in group \(14,(\mathbf{g})\) a metal that forms a \(3+\) ion, \((\mathbf{h})\) a nonmetal that forms a \(2-\) ion, \((\mathbf{i})\) an element that is used as radiation shielding.

(a) What isotope is used as the standard in establishing the atomic mass scale? (b) The atomic weight of boron is reported as 10.81 , yet no atom of boron has the mass of \(10.81 \mathrm{u}\). Explain.

Predict the chemical formulas of the ionic compound formed by (a) \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{OH}^{-},\) (b) \(\mathrm{Cs}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\), (c) \(\mathrm{V}^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}^{-},(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{Li}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{In}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{O}^{2-} .\)

Locate each of the following elements in the periodic table; give its name and atomic number, and indicate whether it is a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal: \((\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{Hg},(\mathbf{b})\) At, \((\mathbf{c})\) Mo, \((\mathbf{d})\) \(\mathrm{W},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{Sn},(\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{V},(\mathbf{g}) \mathrm{K}\)
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