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Chapter 2: Problem 41

For each of the following elements, write its chemical sym. bol, locate it in the periodic table, give its atomic number and indicate whether it is a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal (a) radon, (b) tellurium, (c) cadmium, (d) chromium (e) barium, (f) selenium, (g) sulphur.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Radon: Rn, Atomic Number 86, Nonmetal; (b) Tellurium: Te, Atomic Number 52, Metalloid; (c) Cadmium: Cd, Atomic Number 48, Metal; (d) Chromium: Cr, Atomic Number 24, Metal; (e) Barium: Ba, Atomic Number 56, Metal; (f) Selenium: Se, Atomic Number 34, Nonmetal; (g) Sulphur: S, Atomic Number 16, Nonmetal.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Element

Find the chemical symbol for each element. For example, radon is represented by "Rn".
02

Locate on the Periodic Table

Determine where each element is located on the periodic table. Radon (Rn), for instance, is in Group 18, Period 6.
03

Find the Atomic Number

Each element has a unique atomic number which indicates the number of protons in its nucleus. Radon, for example, has an atomic number of 86.
04

Classify the Element

Determine if each element is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. Radon is considered a nonmetal due to its gaseous state and placement in Group 18.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Chemical Symbols
Chemical symbols are a shorthand method to represent elements in the periodic table. Each chemical symbol usually consists of one or two letters, with the first letter always capitalized and the second letter always lowercase. These symbols are derived from either the current English name or the Latin name of the element.
For example:
  • Radon is represented by "Rn"
  • Tellurium by "Te"
  • Cadmium by "Cd"
Learning chemical symbols is essential as it forms the foundation for writing chemical formulas and equations. Familiarity with these symbols will help you easily identify elements when viewing a periodic table or working on chemical reactions.
Element Classification
The periodic table groups elements into three main categories: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. These classifications help predict the physical and chemical properties of an element based on its position in the periodic table.
Metals are typically shiny, conductive, and malleable.
  • Cadmium ("Cd") and Barium ("Ba") are metals.
Nonmetals, in contrast, are often brittle in solid form and are poor conductors.
  • Radon ("Rn") and Sulfur ("S") are nonmetals.
Metalloids have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.
  • Tellurium ("Te") and Selenium ("Se") fall into this category.
Understanding these classifications will help you anticipate how an element might interact in chemical reactions or behave in different conditions.
Atomic Number
The atomic number is a fundamental property of an element. It tells us the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. Each element has a unique atomic number, and it is this number that defines the element.
For instance:
  • Radon has an atomic number of 86.
  • Sulfur has an atomic number of 16.
  • Chromium ("Cr") has an atomic number of 24.
The atomic number not only indicates the number of protons but also, for neutral atoms, equals the number of electrons. This balance of protons and electrons determines many chemical properties and behaviors of the element.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The elements of group 14 show an interesting change in properties moving down the group. Give the name and chemical symbol of each element in the group and label it as a nonmetal, metalloid, or metal.

Many familiar substances have common, unsystematic names. For each of the following, give the correct systematic name: (a) saltpeter, \(\mathrm{KNO}_{3} ;(\mathbf{b})\) soda ash, \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} ;(\mathbf{c})\) lime, \(\mathrm{CaO} ;(\mathbf{d})\) muriatic acid, HCl; \((\mathbf{e})\) Epsom salts, \(\mathrm{MgSO}_{4} ;\) (f) milk of magnesia, \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\)

What fraction of the \(\alpha\) particles in Rutherford's gold foil experiment are scattered at large angles? Assume the gold foil is two layers thick, as shown in Figure \(2.9,\) and that the approximate diameters of a gold atom and its nucleus are 270 \(\mathrm{pm}\) and \(1.0 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{pm}\), respectively. Hint: Calculate the cross sectional area occupied by the nucleus as a fraction of that occupied by the atom. Assume that the gold nuclei in each layer are offset from each other.

Assume that you encounter the following sentences in your reading. What is the chemical formula for each substance mentioned? (a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as a deodorant. (b) Calcium hypochlorite is used in some bleaching solutions. (c) Hydrogen cyanide is a very poisonous gas. (d) Magnesium hydroxide is used as a cathartic. (e) Tin(II) fluoride has been used as a fluoride additive in toothpastes. (f) When cadmium sulfide is treated with sulfuric acid, fumes of hydrogen sulfide are given off.

From the following list of elements \(-\mathrm{Mg}, \mathrm{Li}, \mathrm{Tl}, \mathrm{Pb}, \mathrm{Se}, \mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{Xe}, \mathrm{Si},\) C-pick the one that best fits each description. Use each element only once: \((\mathbf{a})\) an alkali metal, \((\mathbf{b})\) an alkaline earth metal, \((\mathbf{c})\) a noble gas, \((\mathbf{d})\) a halogen, \((\mathbf{e})\) a metalloidin group \(14,(\mathbf{f})\) a nonmetal listed in group \(14,(\mathbf{g})\) a metal that forms a \(3+\) ion, \((\mathbf{h})\) a nonmetal that forms a \(2-\) ion, \((\mathbf{i})\) an element that is used as radiation shielding.
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