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Chapter 1: Problem 24

A silvery metal is put inside a beaker of water. Bubbles form on the surface of the metal and it dissolves gradually. (a) Is this an example of a chemical or a physical change? (b) Do you expect the remaining solution to be a pure substance or a mixture?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Chemical change; (b) The solution will be a mixture.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the Change

When a silvery metal is placed in water and bubbles are formed on its surface, accompanied by the metal dissolving, it is indicative of a chemical change. Chemical changes often involve the formation of new substances, such as gases (bubbles) that weren't present initially.
02

Determining the Type of Solution

After the metal reacts with water and dissolves, the resulting solution cannot be a pure substance, because a chemical reaction has occurred. The presence of bubbles suggests a gas has been formed, and the solution now contains different ions or compounds resulting from the metal-water reaction. This indicates that the remaining solution is a mixture.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Physical Changes
Physical changes are transformations that do not alter the basic identity of a substance. These changes are usually reversible and do not involve the formation of new substances.
An example of a physical change is the melting of ice. When ice melts, it turns into water. The form changes from solid to liquid, but the chemical composition, \(H_2O\), remains the same.
It's important to note that physical changes do not produce any new chemical products.
  • They can involve a change in state, like going from liquid to gas.
  • They might affect an object's physical properties such as shape or size.
  • Examples include dissolving sugar in water or breaking a piece of chalk.
Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity and properties. Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Let's break it down:
  • **Homogeneous mixtures** are uniform in composition, like salt water, where the dissolved salt is not visible.
  • **Heterogeneous mixtures** have visibly different components, such as a salad with lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumbers.
Mixtures can be separated by physical means, such as filtration or distillation. For example, you can separate sand from water by using a filter.
This is different from chemical reactions, where new substances form that require different methods to separate.
Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, resulting in new substances with different chemical properties. These changes are indicators of chemical reactions:
  • Formation of gas (e.g., bubbles forming)
  • Change in temperature
  • Formation of a precipitate (a solid that forms in a solution)
  • Color change
An example of a chemical reaction is the rusting of iron when it combines with oxygen to form iron oxide.
In chemical reactions, the original substances change into entirely different substances, and this process is usually not reversible by simple physical means.
It's important to understand chemical reactions because they are the foundation of many processes in chemistry and are integral to changes we observe in the laboratory and in the world around us.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The distance from Earth to the Moon is approximately \(240,000 \mathrm{mi} .\) (a) What is this distance in meters? (b) The peregrine falcon has been measured as traveling up to \(350 \mathrm{~km} /\) hr in a dive. If this falcon could fly to the Moon at this speed, how many seconds would it take? (c) The speed of light is \(3.00 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). How long does it take for light to travel from Earth to the Moon and back again? (d) Earth travels around the Sun at an average speed of \(29.783 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{s}\). Convert this speed to miles per hour.

A sample of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is synthesized in the laboratory. It contains \(1.50 \mathrm{~g}\) of carbon and \(2.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of oxygen. Another sample of ascorbic acid isolated from citrus fruits contains \(6.35 \mathrm{~g}\) of carbon. According to the law of constant composition, how many grams of oxygen does it contain?

If on a certain year, an estimated amount of 4 million metric tons (1 metric ton \(=1000 \mathrm{~kg}\) ) of nitrous oxide \(\left(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)\) was emitted worldwide due to agricultural activities, express this mass of \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) in grams without exponential notation, using an appropriate m猫tric pr茅fix.

Judge the following statements as true or false. If you believe a statement to be false, provide a corrected version. (a) Air and water are both elements. (b) All mixtures contain at least one element and one compound. (c) Compounds can be decomposed into two or more other substances; elements cannot. (d) Elements can exist in any of the three states of matter. (e) When yellow stains in a kitchen sink are treated with bleach water, the disappearance of the stains is due to a physical change. (f) A hypothesis is more weakly supported by experimental evidence than a theory. (g) The number 0.0033 has more significant figures than 0.033 . (h) Conversion factors used in converting units always have a numerical value of one. (i) Compounds always contain at least two different elements.

Saline solution used in hospital contains \(0.9 \%\) sodium chloride by mass. Calculate the number of grams of sodium chloride in 0.5 gal of saline solution if the solution has a density of \(1.01 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}\).
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