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Chapter 7: Problem 82

Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases: (a) Chlorine reacts with water. (b) Barium metal is heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas. (c) Lithium reacts with sulfur. (d) Fluorine reacts with magnesium metal.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \(Cl_2 + H_2O \to HCl + HOCl\) (b) \(Ba + H_2 \to BaH_2\) (c) \(2Li + S \to Li_2S\) (d) \(F_2 + Mg \to MgF_2\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) Chlorine reacts with water

When chlorine gas reacts with water, it forms hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as products. The unbalanced equation for this reaction is: Cl2 + H2O -> HCl + HOCl To balance this equation, we need to make sure there are the same number of each type of atom on both sides. In this case, balancing the number of hydrogen and chlorine atoms requires placing coefficients: \(Cl_2 + H_2O -> HCl + HOCl\) The equation is now balanced.
02

(b) Barium metal is heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas

When barium metal (Ba) reacts with hydrogen gas (H2), it forms barium hydride (BaH2) as the product. The unbalanced equation for this reaction is: Ba + H2 -> BaH2 Since there is only one equation to balance, we need to balance the number of H atoms: \(Ba + H_2 \to BaH_2\) This equation is already balanced.
03

(c) Lithium reacts with sulfur

When lithium (Li) reacts with sulfur (S), it forms lithium sulfide (Li2S) as the product. The unbalanced equation for this reaction is: Li + S -> Li2S To balance this equation, we should balance the number of lithium and sulfur atoms by placing coefficients: \(2Li + S \to Li_2S\) The equation is now balanced.
04

(d) Fluorine reacts with magnesium metal

When fluorine (F2) reacts with magnesium metal (Mg), it forms magnesium fluoride (MgF2) as the product. The unbalanced equation for this reaction is: F2 + Mg -> MgF2 To balance this equation, we should balance the number of fluorine and magnesium atoms by placing coefficients: \(F_2 + Mg \to MgF_2\) This equation is already balanced.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Hydrogen is an unusual element because it behaves in some ways like the alkali metal elements and in other ways like a nonmetal. Its properties can be explained in part by its electron configuration and by the values for its ionization energy and electron affinity. (a) Explain why the electron affinity of hydrogen is much closer to the values for the alkali elements than for the halogens. (b) Is the following statement true? "Hydrogen has the smallest bonding atomic radius of any element that forms chemical compounds." If not, correct it. If it is, explain in terms of electron configurations. (c) Explain why the ionization energy of hydrogen is closer to the values for the halogens than for the alkali metals.

Why did Mendeleev leave blanks inhis early version of the periodic table? How did he predict the properties of the elements that belonged in those blanks?

Consider the stable elements through lead \((Z=82)\). In how many instances are the atomic weights of the elements in the reverse order relative to the atomic numbers of the elements? What is the explanation for these cases?

Little is known about the properties of astatine, \(\mathrm{At}\), because of its rarity and high radioactivity. Nevertheless, it is possible for us to make many predictions about its properties. (a) Do you expect the element to be a gas, liquid, or solid at room temperature? Explain. (b) What is the chemical formula of the compound it forms with Na?

Consider the change in effective nuclear charge experienced by a \(2 p\) electron as we proceed from \(C\) to \(N\). (a) Based on a simple model in which core electrons screen the valence electrons completely and valence electrons do not screen other valence electrons, what do you predict for the change in \(Z_{\text {eff }}\) from \(C\) to \(\mathrm{N}\) ? (b) What change do you predict using Slater's rules? (c) The actual change in \(Z_{\text {eff }}\) from \(C\) to \(N\) is \(0.70+.\) Which approach to estimating \(Z_{\text {eff }}\) is more accurate? (d) The change in \(\mathrm{Z}_{\text {eff }}\) from \(\mathrm{N}\) to \(\mathrm{O}\) is smaller than that from \(\mathrm{C}\) to \(\mathrm{N}\). Can you provide an explanation for this observation?
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