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Chapter 22: Problem 61

Write complete balanced half-reactions for (a) oxidation of nitrous acid to nitrate ion in acidic solution, (b) oxidation of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) to \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) in acidic solution.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced half-reactions for the given reactions in acidic solution are as follows: (a) Oxidation of nitrous acid to nitrate ion (HNO鈧� 鈫� NO鈧冣伝): \[ \mathrm{HNO_2} \rightarrow \mathrm{NO_3^-} + \mathrm{H_2O} + 2\mathrm{H^+} \] (b) Oxidation of nitrogen gas to nitrous oxide (N鈧� 鈫� N鈧侽): \[ \mathrm{N_2} + \mathrm{H_2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{N_2O} \]

Step by step solution

01

Write the unbalanced equation

For nitrous acid (HNO鈧�) oxidation: HNO鈧� 鈫� NO鈧冣伝
02

Balance atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen

The nitrogen atom is already balanced.
03

Balance the oxygen atoms

There are 2 oxygen atoms on the left and 3 on the right: HNO鈧� 鈫� NO鈧冣伝 + H鈧侽
04

Balance the hydrogen atoms

Now, there are 4 hydrogen atoms on the left and 2 on the right. Balance by adding 2 hydrogen ions: HNO鈧� 鈫� NO鈧冣伝 + H鈧侽 + 2H鈦�
05

Balance the charges

The charges on both sides are equal (+1). Thus, the half-reaction for the oxidation of nitrous acid in acidic solution is: HNO鈧� 鈫� NO鈧冣伝 + H鈧侽 + 2H鈦� (b) Oxidation of nitrogen gas to nitrous oxide (N鈧� 鈫� N鈧侽)
06

Write the unbalanced equation

For nitrogen gas (N鈧�) oxidation: N鈧� 鈫� N鈧侽
07

Balance atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen

The nitrogen atoms are already balanced.
08

Balance the oxygen atoms

There is one oxygen atom on the right side: N鈧� + H鈧侽 鈫� N鈧侽
09

Balance the hydrogen atoms

There are 2 hydrogen atoms on the left, so no additional hydrogen ions are needed.
10

Balance the charges

The charges on both sides are equal (0). Thus, the half-reaction for the oxidation of nitrogen gas in acidic solution is: N鈧� + H鈧侽 鈫� N鈧侽

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