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Chapter 21: Problem 10

Give the symbol for (a) a proton, (b) a beta particle, (c) a positron.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Proton: \(p\) or \(p^+\) (b) Beta Particle: \(\beta\) or \(e\) (c) Positron: \(e^+\) or \(\beta^+\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) Symbol for a Proton)

A proton is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with a positive charge. Its symbol is denoted by \( p^+ \) or simply \( p \).
02

(b) Symbol for a Beta Particle)

A beta particle is an electron (or positron) emitted during a nuclear decay process called beta decay. There are two types of beta particles: 1. Beta-minus (\( \beta^- \)): an electron with a negative charge, denoted by \( e^- \). 2. Beta-plus (\( \beta^+ \)): a positron with a positive charge (the electron's antiparticle), denoted by \( e^+ \). In this case, as we are asked for a beta particle and not specifically a beta-minus or beta-plus, we can write the symbol as \( \beta \) or \( e \) without specifying the charge.
03

(c) Symbol for a Positron)

A positron is the antiparticle of the electron, with a positive charge. It is also sometimes referred to as a beta-plus particle. Its symbol is denoted by \( e^+ \) or \( \beta^+ \).

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A laboratory rat is exposed to an alpha-radiation source whose activity is \(14.3 \mathrm{mCi}\). (a) What is the activity of the radiation in disintegrations per second? In becquerels? (b) The rat has a mass of \(385 \mathrm{~g}\) and is exposed to the radiation for \(14.0 \mathrm{~s}\), absorbing \(35 \%\) of the emitted alpha particles, each having an energy of \(9.12 \times 10^{-13} \mathrm{~J} .\) Calculate the absorbed dose in millirads and grays. (c) If the RBE of the radiation is \(9.5\), calculate the effective absorbed dose in mrem and Sv.

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