/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 19 Write the electron configuration... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 8: Problem 19

Write the electron configuration for each of the following ions, and determine which ones possess noble-gas configurations: (a) \(\mathrm{Sr}^{2+},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{Ti}^{2+},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{Se}^{2-},(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{Ni}^{2+},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{Br}^{-}\) \((\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{Mn}^{3+}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The electron configurations for the given ions are: (a) Sr虏鈦: [Kr] (b) Ti虏鈦: [Ar] 3d虏 (c) Se虏鈦: [Ar] 4s虏3d鹿鈦4p鈦 (d) Ni虏鈦: [Ar] 3d鈦 (e) Br鈦: [Ar] 4s虏3d鹿鈦4p鈦 (f) Mn鲁鈦: [Ar] 3d鈦 The ions Sr虏鈦, Se虏鈦, and Br鈦 possess noble-gas configurations (Kr).

Step by step solution

01

Identify electron configurations for given ions

To find the electron configuration for a given ion, we need to first have its neutral atom's electron configuration. We can easily do this by looking at the atomic number on the periodic table. Then, we'll add or remove the corresponding number of electrons according to the ion's charge. Here are the electron configurations for the given ions: (a) Sr虏鈦: The neutral Sr atom's electron configuration is [Kr] 5s虏. Since Sr虏鈦 has lost two electrons, its electron configuration is [Kr]. (b) Ti虏鈦: The neutral Ti atom's electron configuration is [Ar] 4s虏3d虏. If Ti虏鈦 has lost two electrons, its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d虏. (c) Se虏鈦: The neutral Se atom's electron configuration is [Ar] 4s虏3d鹿鈦4p鈦. Since Se虏鈦 has gained two electrons, its electron configuration is [Ar] 4s虏3d鹿鈦4p鈦. (d) Ni虏鈦: The neutral Ni atom's electron configuration is [Ar] 4s虏3d鈦. If Ni虏鈦 has lost two electrons, its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d鈦. (e) Br鈦: The neutral Br atom's electron configuration is [Ar] 4s虏3d鹿鈦4p鈦. Since Br鈦 has gained one electron, its electron configuration is [Ar] 4s虏3d鹿鈦4p鈦. (f) Mn鲁鈦: The neutral Mn atom's electron configuration is [Ar] 4s虏3d鈦. If Mn鲁鈦 has lost three electrons, its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d鈦.
02

Determine which ions possess noble-gas configurations

Now, to identify which ones have the noble-gas configurations, we need to recall those configurations: He: 1s虏 Ne: [He] 2s虏2p鈦 Ar: [Ne] 3s虏3p鈦 Kr: [Ar] 4s虏3d鹿鈦4p鈦 Xe: [Kr] 5s虏4d鹿鈦5p鈦 Rn: [Xe] 6s虏4f鹿鈦5d鹿鈦6p鈦 Now, we'll compare our ions' electron configurations to the noble gasses': (a) Sr虏鈦: [Kr] => noble-gas configuration (Kr) (c) Se虏鈦: [Ar] 4s虏3d鹿鈦4p鈦 => noble-gas configuration (Kr) (e) Br鈦: [Ar] 4s虏3d鹿鈦4p鈦 => noble-gas configuration (Kr) The ions Sr虏鈦, Se虏鈦 and Br鈦 possess noble-gas configurations. The other ions do not have noble-gas configurations.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Noble Gas Configuration
The noble gas configuration is a shorthand way to write an element's electron configuration by utilizing the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas. Noble gases have completely filled outer electron shells, which makes them extremely stable. This stability is what many atoms strive to achieve through gaining or losing electrons.
Noble gas configurations are helpful because they provide a clear, clean, and efficient way to convey the electron structure of an element. By referencing the noble gas that has the same number of core electrons as the element, we primarily focus on the valence electrons that determine chemical reactivity.
  • Common noble gases include Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).
  • An example of noble gas configuration is for the ion Strontium (Sr虏鈦), which is simply written as [Kr]. Here, Krypton serves as the noble gas reference point as Sr虏鈦 indicates a removal of two electrons to attain the same electron structure as Kr.
When ions form a noble gas configuration, they do so by having a full outer electron shell, thereby reaching a mirroring level of inertness similar to noble gases. This occurs through the loss or gain of electrons, as discussed in the original solutions. Sr虏鈦, Se虏鈦, and Br鈦 showcase noble gas configurations in the exercise.
Ions
Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electric charge. This process of losing or gaining electrons is driven by the atom's desire to achieve a more stable electron configuration.
There are two main types of ions:
  • Cations, which are positively charged as they lose electrons.
  • Anions, which are negatively charged as they gain electrons.
In chemistry, examining the formation of ions is crucial, as it helps us understand reactions and bonding.
In the given exercise:
  • For Sr虏鈦, the neutral strontium atom loses two electrons, forming a cation with a noble gas configuration of [Kr].
  • For Ti虏鈦, titanium loses two electrons, resulting in the electron configuration [Ar] 3d虏, which is not a complete noble gas configuration.
When analyzing ions, it's important to consider how many electrons are exchanged and their effect on achieving desired stable configurations.
Periodic Table
The periodic table is an essential tool in understanding elements and their properties. Arranged by increasing atomic number, this table showcases periodic trends and provides key insights into electron configuration.
Each element in the table is placed based on its atomic structure and characteristics. The layout helps predict an element鈥檚 electron configuration and its ability to form ions.
  • The table is divided into groups (columns) that share similar properties and periods (rows) indicating the number of electron shells.
  • Elements in the same group typically have similar valence electron configurations, which result in comparable chemical behaviors.
For example, looking at Se虏鈦 and Br鈦, located in the same period, one can easily predict their electron gain thanks to their small difference from the noble gas krypton (Kr). Through the periodic table, one can derive electron configurations and thus their stability with ease. It serves as the backdrop for understanding chemistry and mastering tasks like the original exercise.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) True or false: The hydrogen atom is most stable when it has a full octet of electrons. (b) How many electrons must a sulfur atom gain to achieve an octet in its valence shell? (c) If an atom has the electron configuration \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{3},\) how many electrons must it gain to achieve an octet?

Predict the chemical formula of the ionic compound formed between the following pairs of elements: (a) Al and F, (b) K and \(S,(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{Y}\) and \(\mathrm{O},(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{Mg}\) and \(\mathrm{N} .\)

An ionic substance of formula MX has a lattice energy of \(6 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{k} / \mathrm{mol} .\) Is the charge on the ion M likely to be \(1+, 2+,\) or \(3+?\) Explain.

(a) Draw the dominant Lewis structure for the phosphorus trifluoride molecule, PF \(_{3}\) . (b) Determine the oxidation numbers of the \(P\) and \(F\) atoms. (c) Determine the formal charges of the \(P\) and \(F\) atoms.

(a) State whether or not the bonding in each substance is likely to be covalent: (i) iron, (ii) sodium chloride, (iii) water, (iv) oxygen, (v) argon. (b) A substance XY, formed from two different elements, boils at \(-33^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . Is XY likely to be a covalent or an ionic substance?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.