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Chapter 24: Problem 94

Can a DNA strand bind to a complementary RNA strand? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Yes, a DNA strand can bind to a complementary RNA strand, as they share similar base pairing rules. Adenine (A) in DNA pairs with uracil (U) in RNA, while guanine (G) in DNA pairs with cytosine (C) in RNA. These interactions are crucial for transcription, which transfers genetic information from DNA to RNA for protein synthesis.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding DNA and RNA structure

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are both nucleic acids, composed of nucleotide units. The structure of a nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), and a phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T), while the bases found in RNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U), with uracil replacing thymine.
02

Base pairing rules

In DNA, strands bind together due to complementary base pairing, where adenine (A) binds with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) binds with guanine (G). These specific base pairings are due to hydrogen bonding, which can be formed between specific pairs of bases. In RNA, similar base pairings occur, with adenine (A) binding to uracil (U) and cytosine (C) binding to guanine (G).
03

DNA and RNA binding

A single DNA strand can potentially bind to a complementary RNA strand through similar base pairing rules. The adenine (A) in the DNA strand can pair with uracil (U) in the RNA strand, and guanine (G) in the DNA strand can pair with cytosine (C) in the RNA strand. This type of interaction between a DNA strand and its complementary RNA strand is the basis for the transcription process, where the information encoded in the DNA is transferred to RNA, which in turn is used to synthesize proteins.
04

Conclusion

Yes, a DNA strand can bind to a complementary RNA strand through specific base pairings, such as adenine (A) with uracil (U) and guanine (G) with cytosine (C). This binding is essential for biological processes like transcription, where genetic information is transferred from the DNA to RNA for protein synthesis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What structural features help us identify a compound as (a) an alkane, (b) a cycloalkane, (c) an alkene, (d) an alkyne, (e) a saturated hydrocarbon, (f) an aromatic hydrocarbon?

Draw each molecule given its name and the following information. (a) Nitroglycerin, also known as \(1,2,3\) -trinitroxypropane, the active ingredient in dynamite and a medication administered to people having a heart attack, (Hint: The nitroxy group is the conjugate base of nitric acid.) (b) Putrescine, also known as \(1,4\) -diamino-butane, the compound responsible for the odor of putre-fying fish, ( c) Cyclohexanone, the precursor to Nylon, (a) \(1,1,2,2\) -tetrafluoroethene, the precursor to Teflon, (e) Oleic acid, also known as cis-9-octanedecenoic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid found in many fats and oils.Draw the correct isomer.

You have samples of four compounds: dimethyl ether, methane, difluoromethane, and ethanol. You measure the boiling points of the compounds as \(-128^{\circ} \mathrm{C},-52^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) \(-25^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) and \(78^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) but then lose the labels for each sample. Make the following predictions: (a) Which compound boils at \(-128^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?(\mathbf{b})\) Which boils at \(-52^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?(\mathbf{c})\) Which boils at \(-25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?(\mathbf{d})\) Which boils at \(78^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\)

\begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) Is } \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6} \text { a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon? }} \\ {\text { (b) Are all alkynes unsaturated? }}\end{array}\end{equation}

Enediynes are a class of compounds that include some antibiotic drugs. Draw the structure of an "enediyne" fragment that contains six carbons in a row.
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