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Chapter 24: Problem 20

Describe two ways in which the octane number of a gasoline consisting of alkanes can be increased.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The two ways to increase the octane number of a gasoline consisting of alkanes are: 1. Increase the branching of alkanes (e.g., incorporate more branched alkanes in the gasoline) as branched alkanes have higher octane numbers and better knock resistance. 2. Add oxygenates, such as ethers (MTBE) or alcohols (ethanol), to the gasoline mixture to improve the knock resistance, increase the overall octane number, and reduce harmful exhaust emissions.

Step by step solution

01

Way 1: Increase the branching of alkanes

One method to increase the octane number of gasoline consisting of alkanes is by increasing the branching of the alkanes. In simpler terms, the more the alkane molecules have branches, the higher their octane numbers. Branched alkanes have a more stable structure and burn more smoothly, thus providing better knock resistance. So, by incorporating more branched alkanes in the gasoline, the overall octane number can be improved.
02

Way 2: Add oxygenates to the gasoline

Another method to increase the octane number of gasoline is by adding oxygenates to the gasoline mixture. Oxygenates, such as ethers (e.g., MTBE - methyl tertiary-butyl ether) and alcohols (e.g., ethanol), have higher octane numbers and can improve the knock resistance of the gasoline. Blending these oxygenates with gasoline can increase the overall octane number, allowing for smoother combustion and less knocking in the engine. This method not only improves the gasoline's octane number but also helps in the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Indicate whether each statement is true or false: (a) Fat molecules contain amide bonds. (b) Phosphoplipids can be zwitterions. (c) Phospholipids form bilayers in water in order to have their long hydrophobic tails interact favorably with each other, leaving their polar heads to the aqueous environment.

Draw the condensed structure of the compounds formed by condensation reactions between (a) benzoic acid and ethanol, (b) ethanoic acid and methylamine, (c) acetic acid and phenol. Name the compound in each case.

Draw the condensed structures of the compounds formed from (a) butanoic acid and methanol, ( b) benzoic acid and 2-propanol, (c) propanoic acid and dimethylamine. Name the compound in each case.

An organic compound is analyzed and found to contain 66.7\(\%\) carbon, 11.2\(\%\) hydrogen, and 22.1\(\%\) oxygen by mass. The compound boils at \(79.6^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\) At \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 0.970 atm, the vapor has a density of 2.28 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L} .\) The compound has a carbonyl group and cannot be oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Suggest a structure for the compound.

What is the octane number of a mixture that is 35\(\%\) heptane and 65\(\%\) isooctane?
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