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Chapter 23: Problem 17

Which type of substance is attracted by a magnetic field, a diamagnetic substance or a paramagnetic substance?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Paramagnetic substances are attracted by a magnetic field due to their positive magnetic susceptibility and alignment with the field, while diamagnetic substances are repelled due to their negative magnetic susceptibility and induced magnetic field in the opposite direction. Therefore, paramagnetic substances are attracted by a magnetic field.

Step by step solution

01

Diamagnetic Substance: Definition

A diamagnetic substance is a material that does not have any unpaired electrons and exhibits a weak negative magnetic susceptibility. When exposed to an external magnetic field, it creates an induced magnetic field in the opposite direction, resulting in a repulsive force against the external magnetic field. Step 2: Define Paramagnetic Substance
02

Paramagnetic Substance: Definition

A paramagnetic substance is a material with unpaired electrons in its atomic or molecular structure, causing a positive magnetic susceptibility. When exposed to an external magnetic field, it aligns itself with the field, leading to attractive forces between the substance and the magnetic field. Step 3: Determine which type of substance is attracted by a magnetic field
03

Attraction to Magnetic Field

Based on the definitions and properties of diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances, we can conclude that paramagnetic substances are attracted by a magnetic field due to their positive magnetic susceptibility and alignment with the field. Diamagnetic substances, on the other hand, are repelled by magnetic fields due to their negative magnetic susceptibility and induced magnetic field in the opposite direction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Generally speaking, for a given metal and ligand, the stability of a coordination compound is greater for the metal in the \(+3\) rather than in the \(+2\) oxidation state (for metals that form stable \(+3\) ions in the first place). Suggest an explanation, keeping in mind the Lewis acid-base nature of the metal-ligand bond.

Which periodic trend is partially responsible for the observation that the maximum oxidation state of the transition-metal elements peaks near groups 7 \(\mathrm{B}\) and 8 \(\mathrm{B} ?\) (a) The number of valence electrons reaches a maximum at group 8 \(\mathrm{B} .\) (b) The effective nuclear charge increases on moving left across each period. (c) The radii of the transition-metal elements reach a minimum for group \(8 \mathrm{B},\) and as the size of the atoms decreases it becomes easier to remove electrons.

Indicate the coordination number and the oxidation number of the metal for each of the following complexes: (a) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\left[\mathrm{CdCl}_{4}\right]\) (b) \(\mathrm{K}_{2}\left[\mathrm{MoOCl}_{4}\right]\) (c) \(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right] \mathrm{Cl}\) (d) \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{5}\right]^{3-}\) (e) \(\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{V}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{3}\right]\) (f) \(\left[\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{en})_{2}\right] \mathrm{Br}_{2}\)

Carbon monoxide is toxic because it binds more strongly to the iron in hemoglobin (Hb) than does \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) , as indicated by these approximate standard free-energy changes in blood: $$\begin{array}{cl}{\mathrm{Hb}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \longrightarrow \mathrm{HbO}_{2}} & {\Delta G^{\circ}=-70 \mathrm{kJ}} \\\ {\mathrm{Hb}+\mathrm{CO} \longrightarrow \mathrm{HbCO}} & {\Delta G^{\circ}=-80 \mathrm{kJ}}\end{array}$$ Using these data, estimate the equilibrium constant at 298 K for the equilibrium $$\mathrm{HbO}_{2}+\mathrm{CO} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{HbCO}+\mathrm{O}_{2}$$

For each of the following pairs, identify the molecule or ion that is more likely to act as a ligand in a metal complex: (a) acetonitrile \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CN}\right)\) or ammonium \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\right)\) (b) hydride \(\left(\mathrm{H}^{-}\right)\) or hydronium \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right),(\mathbf{c})\) carbon monoxide \((\mathrm{CO})\) or methane \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\right)\) .
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