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Chapter 2: Problem 41

For each of the following elements, write its chemical symbol, locate it in the periodic table, give its atomic number, and indicate whether it is a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal: (a) chromium, (b) helium, (c) phosphorus, (d) zinc, (e) magnesium, (f) bromine, (g) arsenic.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Chromium: Cr, Group 6, Period 4, Atomic number 24, Metal. (b) Helium: He, Group 18, Period 1, Atomic number 2, Nonmetal (noble gas). (c) Phosphorus: P, Group 15, Period 3, Atomic number 15, Nonmetal. (d) Zinc: Zn, Group 12, Period 4, Atomic number 30, Metal. (e) Magnesium: Mg, Group 2, Period 3, Atomic number 12, Metal (alkaline earth metal). (f) Bromine: Br, Group 17, Period 4, Atomic number 35, Nonmetal (halogen). (g) Arsenic: As, Group 15, Period 4, Atomic number 33, Metalloid.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Chromium

- Chemical symbol: Cr - Located in the periodic table: Group 6, Period 4 - Atomic number: 24 - Classification: Metal
02

(b) Helium

- Chemical symbol: He - Located in the periodic table: Group 18, Period 1 - Atomic number: 2 - Classification: Nonmetal (noble gas)
03

(c) Phosphorus

- Chemical symbol: P - Located in the periodic table: Group 15, Period 3 - Atomic number: 15 - Classification: Nonmetal
04

(d) Zinc

- Chemical symbol: Zn - Located in the periodic table: Group 12, Period 4 - Atomic number: 30 - Classification: Metal
05

(e) Magnesium

- Chemical symbol: Mg - Located in the periodic table: Group 2, Period 3 - Atomic number: 12 - Classification: Metal (alkaline earth metal)
06

(f) Bromine

- Chemical symbol: Br - Located in the periodic table: Group 17, Period 4 - Atomic number: 35 - Classification: Nonmetal (halogen)
07

(g) Arsenic

- Chemical symbol: As - Located in the periodic table: Group 15, Period 4 - Atomic number: 33 - Classification: Metalloid

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Chemical Symbols
Chemical symbols are shorthand notations used to represent elements in the periodic table. These symbols are usually one or two letters long, with the first letter always capitalized. For example:
  • Chromium is represented by "Cr"
  • Helium is abbreviated as "He"
  • Phosphorus uses "P"
This system allows scientists and students alike to communicate efficiently about chemical elements. Each symbol is unique to its element, thereby preventing confusion. It's essential to get familiar with these symbols to read and understand the periodic table effectively.
Atomic Number
The atomic number of an element is a fundamental property. It tells us the number of protons found in the nucleus of one atom of the element. This number is key to locating an element's position on the periodic table.
  • An atomic number of 24 corresponds to chromium
  • With an atomic number of 2, helium is easy to find
  • Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15
Knowing the atomic number also helps to determine an element鈥檚 identity and its place within the periodic table鈥檚 structure. It guides us in understanding how elements relate to each other chemically.
Element Classification
The classification of elements refers to their categorization into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. This classification plays a vital role in predicting an element's properties and its behavior in reactions.
  • Metals like chromium, zinc, and magnesium are typically shiny, conduct electricity, and are malleable.
  • Nonmetals such as helium, phosphorus, and bromine lack metallic properties and are varied in their states at room temperature.
  • Arsenic being a metalloid exhibits mixture properties found in both metals and nonmetals.
This classification helps scientists determine the practicality and potential applications of an element in different fields.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The diameter of a rubidium atom is 4.95 A. We will consider two different ways of placing the atoms on a surface. In arrangement \(A,\) all the atoms are lined up with one another to form a square grid. Arrangement B is called a close-packed arrangement because the atoms sit in the "depressions" formed by the previous row of atoms:(a) Using arrangement A, how many Rb atoms could be placed on a square surface that is 1.0 \(\mathrm{cm}\) on a side? ( b) How many Rb atoms could be placed on a square surface that is 1.0 \(\mathrm{cm}\) on a side, using arrangement \(\mathrm{B} ?(\mathbf{c})\) By what factor has the number of atoms on the surface increased in going to arrangement \(\mathrm{B}\) from arrangement A? If extended to three dimensions, which arrangement would lead to a greater density for Rb metal?

The element oxygen has three naturally occurring isotopes, with \(8,9,\) and 10 neutrons in the nucleus, respectively. (a) Write the full chemical symbols for these three isotopes. (b) Describe the similarities and differences between the three kinds of atoms of oxygen.

(a) Which two of the following are isotopes of the same element: \(\frac{31}{16} \mathrm{X}, \frac{31}{15} \mathrm{X}, \frac{32}{16} \mathrm{X}\) ? (b) What is the identity of the element whose isotopes you have selected?

Name the following ionic compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{KCN},(\mathbf{b})\mathrm{NaBrO}_{2}\) \((\mathbf{c}) \operatorname{Sr}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}, \quad(\mathbf{d}) \quad\) CoTe (e) \(\mathrm{Fe}_{2}\left(\mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)_{3}, \quad(\mathbf{f}) \quad \mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}$$(\mathrm{g})\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3},(\mathbf{h}) \mathrm{NaH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$$(\mathbf{i}) \mathrm{KMnO}_{4},(\mathrm{i}) \mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\)

Answer the following questions without referring to Table \(2.1 :\) (a) What are the main subatomic particles that make up the atom? (b) What is the relative charge (in multiples of the electronic charge ) of each of the particles? (c) Which of the particles is the most massive? (d) Which is the least massive?
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