Chapter 18: Problem 29
Nitrogen oxides like \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{NO}\) are a significant source of acid rain. For each of these molecules write an equation that shows how an acid is formed from the reaction with water.
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Chapter 18: Problem 29
Nitrogen oxides like \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{NO}\) are a significant source of acid rain. For each of these molecules write an equation that shows how an acid is formed from the reaction with water.
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The main reason that distillation is a costly method for purifying water is the high energy required to heat and vaporize water. (a) Using the density, specific heat, and heat of vaporization of water from Appendix B, calculate the amount of energy required to vaporize 1.00 gal of water beginning with water at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . (b) If the energy is provided by electricity costing \(\$ 0.085 / \mathrm{kWh}\) , calculate its cost. (c) If distilled water sells in a grocery store for \(\$ 1.26\) per gal, what percentage of the sales price is represented by the cost of the energy?
The Earth's oceans have a salinity of \(35 .\) What is the concentration of dissolved salts in seawater when expressed in ppm? What percentage of salts must be removed from sea-water before it can be considered freshwater (dissolved salts \(<500\) ppm \() ?[\operatorname{Section} 18.3]\)
In 1986 an electrical power plant in Taylorsville, Georgia, burned \(8,376,726\) tons of coal, a national record at that time. (a) Assuming that the coal was 83\(\%\) carbon and 2.5\(\%\) sulfur and that combustion was complete, calculate the number of tons of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide produced by the plant during the year. (b) If 55\(\%\) of the SO \(_{2}\) could be removed by reaction with powdered CaO to form \(\mathrm{CaSO}_{3},\) how many tons of \(\mathrm{CaSO}_{3}\) would be produced?
Why is rainwater naturally acidic, even in the absence of polluting gases such as \(\mathrm{SO}_{2} ?\)
(a) The EPA threshold for acceptable levels of lead ions in water is \(<15\) ppb. What is the molarity of an aqueous solution with a concentration of 15 ppb? (b) Concentrations of lead in the bloodstream are often quoted in units of \(\mu g / d L\) . Averaged over the entire country, the mean concentration of lead in the blood was measured to be 1.6 \(\mu g / d L\) in \(2008 .\) Express this concentration in ppb.
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