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Chapter 12: Problem 42

Determine if each statement is true or false: (a) Substitutional alloys are solid solutions, but interstitial alloys are heterogenous alloys. (b) Substitutional alloys have "solute" atoms that replace "solvent" atoms in a lattice, but interstitial alloys have "solute" atoms that are in between the "solvent" atoms in a lattice. (c) The atomic radii of the atoms in a substitutional alloy are similar to each other, but in an interstitial alloy, the interstitial atoms are a lot smaller than the host lattice atoms.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) False: Both substitutional and interstitial alloys are solid solutions. (b) True: Substitutional alloys have solute atoms that replace solvent atoms in the lattice, while interstitial alloys have solute atoms in the interstitial spaces between solvent atoms. (c) True: In substitutional alloys, atomic radii of atoms are similar, while in interstitial alloys, interstitial atoms are smaller than host lattice atoms.

Step by step solution

01

Statement (a) Analysis

A substitutional alloy is a type of solid solution where the solute atoms replace the solvent atoms in a lattice. An interstitial alloy, on the other hand, has solute atoms that occupy the spaces between the solvent atoms in the lattice. The classification of alloys as either solid solution or heterogeneous is essential for determining whether the statement is true or false.
02

Statement (a) Conclusion

The statement is false. Both substitutional and interstitial alloys are solid solutions. The difference between them lies in how the solute atoms interact with the solvent atoms' lattice and not in their classification as solid solutions or heterogeneous alloys.
03

Statement (b) Analysis

We need to examine the distribution of solute atoms in substitutional and interstitial alloys. A substitutional alloy forms when the solute atoms replace the solvent atoms in a lattice, whereas interstitial alloys form as the solute atoms occupying the interstitial spaces between solvent atoms in the lattice.
04

Statement (b) Conclusion

The statement is true. Substitutional alloys have "solute" atoms that replace the "solvent" atoms in the lattice, whereas interstitial alloys have "solute" atoms that reside in the interstitial spaces between the "solvent" atoms in the lattice.
05

Statement (c) Analysis

For this statement, we need to compare the atomic radii of the atoms in substitutional and interstitial alloys. The atomic radii of atoms in a substitutional alloy are similar to each other, as they can replace each other in a lattice. In contrast, interstitial alloys have smaller interstitial atoms than the host lattice atoms.
06

Statement (c) Conclusion

The statement is true. The atomic radii of the atoms in a substitutional alloy are similar to each other, allowing the solute and solvent atoms to replace each other in the lattice. In an interstitial alloy, the interstitial atoms are relatively small compared to the host lattice atoms, which enables them to fit in the spaces between the lattice atoms.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Energy bands are considered continuous due to the large number of closely spaced energy levels. The range of energy levels in a crystal of copper is approximately \(1 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{J}\) . Assuming equal spacing between levels, the spacing between energy levels may be approximated by dividing the range of energies by the number of atoms in the crystal. (a) How many copper atoms are in a piece of copper metal in the shape of a cube with edge length 0.5 \(\mathrm{mm} ?\) The density of copper is 8.96 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} .\) (b) Determine the average spacing in J between energy levels in the copper metal in part (a).(c) Is this spacing larger, substantially smaller, or about the same as the 1 \(\times 10^{-18}\) J separation between energy levels in a hydrogen atom?

Indicate whether each statement is true or false: $$ \begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) Substitutional alloys tend to be more ductile than inter- }} \\ {\text { stitial alloys. }} \\ {\text { (b) Interstitial alloys tend to form between elements with }} \\ {\text { similar ionic radii. }} \\ {\text { (c) Nonmetallic elements are never found in alloys. }}\end{array} $$

Which of these statements about alloys and intermetallic compounds is false? (a) Bronze is an example of an alloy. (b) "Alloy" is just another word for "a chemical compound of fixed composition that is made of two or more metals." (c) Intermetallics are compounds of two or more metals that have a definite composition and are not considered alloys. (d) If you mix two metals together and, at the atomic level, they separate into two or more different compositional phases, you have created a heterogeneous alloy.(e) Alloys can be formed even if the atoms that comprise them are rather different in size.

Which statement correctly describes a difference between graphene and graphite? (a) Graphene is a molecule but graphite is not. (b) Graphene is a single sheet of carbon atoms and graphite contains many, and larger, sheets of carbon atoms. (c) Graphene is an insulator but graphite is a metal. (d) Graphite is pure carbon but graphene is not. (e) The carbons are \(s p^{2}\) hybridized in graphene but \(s p^{3}\) hybridized in graphite.

Which type (or types) of crystalline solid is characterized by each of the following? (a) High mobility of electrons throughout the solid; (b) softness, relatively low melting point; (c) high melting point and poor electrical conductivity; ( \(\mathbf{d} )\) network of covalent bonds.
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