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Chapter 1: Problem 39

In the year \(2013,\) an estimated amount of 36 billion metrictons ( 1 metric ton \(=1000 \mathrm{kg}\) ) of carbon dioxide \(\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)\) was emitted worldwide due to fossil fuel combustion and cement production. Express this mass of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) in grams without exponential notation, using an appropriate metric prefix.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The mass of CO鈧� emitted worldwide in 2013 is approximately 36 Teragrams (Tg).

Step by step solution

01

Convert metric tons to grams

First, we need to convert the given mass from metric tons to grams. We are given that 1 metric ton is equal to 1000 kg. Furthermore, we know that 1 kg contains 1000 grams. We have: Mass in metric tons = 36 billion metric tons To convert this mass to grams, we multiply it by 1000 (to convert to kg) and again by 1000 (to convert to grams): 36,000,000,000 metric tons * 1000 kg/metric ton * 1000 g/kg = 36,000,000,000,000 g
02

Determine the appropriate metric prefix for the value in grams

Now we have the mass of CO鈧� in grams, and we need to express this using an appropriate metric prefix. We have the mass in grams as 36,000,000,000,000 g. To express this using a suitable metric prefix, we need to rewrite this as a multiple of a power of 10. 36,000,000,000,000 g can be written as \(3.6 * 10^{13}\) g.
03

Express mass in grams using the appropriate metric prefix

Finally, let's express the mass of CO鈧� in grams using the appropriate metric prefix associated with a power of 10. The closest metric prefix for \(10^{13}\) is Tera (T) which represents \(10^{12}\). So, we have the mass of CO鈧� as \(3.6 * 10^{13}\) g, and we can divide this value by \(10^{12}\) to get the mass in Teragrams. \(3.6 * \frac{10^{13}}{10^{12}} = 3.6 * 10^1\) Teragrams. Thus, the mass of CO鈧� emitted worldwide in 2013 is approximately 36 Teragrams (Tg).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Metric Prefixes
The metric system simplifies numbers by using prefixes that represent powers of ten. This way, we avoid writing long numbers with many zeros. Some common metric prefixes are:
  • Kilo (k): One thousand or \(10^3\)
  • Mega (M): One million or \(10^6\)
  • Giga (G): One billion or \(10^9\)
  • Tera (T): One trillion or \(10^{12}\)
In our task, we first converted 36 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide to grams. This resulted in a large number: 36 trillion grams. By using the Tera prefix, which represents \(10^{12}\), we simplify \(36,000,000,000,000\) grams to 36 Teragrams (Tg). Using these prefixes makes it easier to read, communicate, and understand large quantities in science and engineering.
Fossil Fuel Combustion
Fossil fuels, like coal, oil, and natural gas, are burned for energy in homes, factories, and vehicles. However, this combustion process has a downside: it releases carbon dioxide (CO鈧�) into our atmosphere. Here's what happens when fossil fuels burn:
  • Carbon in fossil fuels reacts with oxygen in the air.
  • This reaction generates energy, which we use for electricity, heating, and transportation.
  • A byproduct of this reaction is carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
Fossil fuel combustion is a major contributor to global CO鈧� emissions. While it powers our modern world, the large amount of CO鈧� released has environmental consequences. Addressing fossil fuel combustion is crucial for reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Carbon dioxide (CO鈧�) emissions result from various human activities, mainly fossil fuel combustion. These emissions are closely monitored because of their impact on our planet's climate. Here's why CO鈧� emissions are significant:
  • CO鈧� is a greenhouse gas, trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
  • This leads to global warming, causing ice caps to melt and sea levels to rise.
  • It can disrupt weather patterns and harm ecosystems.
Emissions are measured in metric tons or grams, and large-scale data often uses metric prefixes to simplify communication. For instance, in the year 2013, the CO鈧� emissions from fossil fuels were 36 Teragrams. Understanding and reducing CO鈧� emissions is essential for preserving our environment and ensuring a sustainable future.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A 32.65 -g sample of a solid is placed in a flask. Toluene, in which the solid is insoluble, is added to the flask so that the total volume of solid and liquid together is 50.00 \(\mathrm{mL} .\) The solid and toluene together weigh 58.58 \(\mathrm{g}\) . The density of toluene at the temperature of the experiment is 0.864 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL}\) . What is the density of the solid?

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The distance from Earth to the Moon is approximately \(240,000 \mathrm{mi.}\) (a) What is this distance in meters? (b) The peregrine falcon has been measured as traveling up to 350 \(\mathrm{km} /\) hr in a dive. If this falcon could fly to the Moon at this speed, how many seconds would it take? (c) The speed of light is \(3.00 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} .\) How long does it take for light to travel from Earth to the Moon and back again? (\boldsymbol{d} ) ~ E a r t h ~ t r a v e l s ~ a r o u n d ~the Sun at an average speed of 29.783 \(\mathrm{km} / \mathrm{s} .\) Convert this speed to miles per hour.
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