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Chapter 7: Problem 78

Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases: (a) Chlorine reacts with water. (b) Barium metal is heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas. (c) Lithium reacts with sulfur. (d) Fluorine reacts with magnesium metal.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Cl2 + H2O -> 2HClO + 2HCl (b) Ba + H2 -> BaH2 (c) 2Li + S -> Li2S (d) F2 + Mg -> MgF2

Step by step solution

01

Identify reactants and products

For this reaction, the reactants are chlorine (Cl2) and water (H2O). The products are hypochlorous acid (HClO) and hydrochloric acid (HCl).
02

Write the unbalanced chemical equation

Now, we can write down the unbalanced equation using the reactants and products. Cl2 + H2O -> HClO + HCl
03

Balance the equation

In order to balance the equation, we need to ensure the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. We can start by balancing the chlorine atoms. Since there are two chlorine atoms in Cl2 molecule and 1 in HCl and 1 in HClO, we need to have 2 molecules of HClO and 2 molecules of HCl: Cl2 + H2O -> 2HClO + 2HCl Now, the equation is balanced. (b) Barium metal is heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas
04

Identify reactants and products

For this reaction, the reactants are barium metal (Ba) and hydrogen gas (H2). The product is barium hydride (BaH2).
05

Write the unbalanced chemical equation

Now, we can write down the unbalanced equation using the reactants and products. Ba + H2 -> BaH2
06

Balance the equation

In order to balance the equation, we need to ensure the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. In this case, the equation is already balanced. (c) Lithium reacts with sulfur
07

Identify reactants and products

For this reaction, the reactants are lithium (Li) and sulfur (S). The product is lithium sulfide (Li2S).
08

Write the unbalanced chemical equation

Now, we can write down the unbalanced equation using the reactants and products. Li + S -> Li2S
09

Balance the equation

In order to balance the equation, we need to ensure the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. Since there are two lithium atoms in the Li2S molecule, we need to have 2 Li atoms on the reactant side: 2Li + S -> Li2S Now, the equation is balanced. (d) Fluorine reacts with magnesium metal
10

Identify reactants and products

For this reaction, the reactants are fluorine (F2) and magnesium (Mg). The product is magnesium fluoride (MgF2).
11

Write the unbalanced chemical equation

Now, we can write down the unbalanced equation using the reactants and products. F2 + Mg -> MgF2
12

Balance the equation

In order to balance the equation, we need to ensure the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. In this case, the equation is already balanced.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) If the core electrons were totally effective at screening the valence electrons and the valence electrons provided no screening for each other, what would be the effective nuclear charge acting on the \(3 s\) and \(3 p\) valence electrons in \(\mathrm{P}\) ? (b) Repeat these calculations using Slater's rules. (c) Detailed calculations indicate that the effective nuclear charge is \(5.6+\) for the \(3 s\) electrons and \(4.9+\) for the \(3 p\) electrons. Why are the values for the \(3 s\) and \(3 p\) electrons different? (d) If you remove a single electron from a P atom, which orbital will it come from?

Chlorine reacts with oxygen to form \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\). (a) What is the name of this product (see Table \(2.6\) )? (b) Write a balanced equation for the formation of \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}(l)\) from the elements. (c) Under usual conditions, \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of \(81^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Is this boiling point expected or surprising? (d) Would you expect \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) to be more reactive toward \(\mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)\) or \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q)\) ? (e) If the oxygen in \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) is considered to have the \(-2\) oxidation state, what is the oxidation state of the \(\mathrm{Cl}\) ? What is the electron configuration of \(\mathrm{Cl}\) in this oxidation state?

Until the early 1960 s the group 8A elements were called the inert gases. (a) Why was the term inert gases dropped? (b) What discovery triggered this change in name? (c) What name is applied to the group now?

Identify each statement as true or false: (a) Ionization energies are always negative quantities. (b) Oxygen has a larger first ionization energy than fluorine. (c) The second ionization energy of an atom is always greater than its first ionization energy. (d) The third ionization energy is the energy needed to ionize three electrons from a neutral atom.

The following observations are made about two hypothetical elements \(A\) and \(B\) : The \(A-A\) and \(B-B\) bond lengths in elemental A and B are \(2.36\) and \(1.94 \AA\), respectively. A and B react to form the binary compound \(\mathrm{AB}_{2}\), which has a linear structure (that is \(\angle \mathrm{B}-\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{B}=180^{\circ}\) ). Based on these statements, predict the separation between the two \(\mathrm{B}\) nuclei in a molecule of \(\mathrm{AB}_{2}\).
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