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Chapter 7: Problem 66

Write balanced equations for the following reactions: (a) potassium oxide with water, (b) diphosphorus trioxide with water, (c) chromium(III) oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid, (d) selenium dioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced equations for the given reactions are: a) \( K_2O + H_2O \rightarrow 2KOH \) b) \( P_2O_3 + 3H_2O \rightarrow 2H_3PO_3 \) c) \( Cr_2O_3 + 6HCl \rightarrow 2CrCl_3 + 3H_2O \) d) \( SeO_2 + 2KOH \rightarrow K_2SeO_3 + H_2O \)

Step by step solution

01

Reaction A - Potassium Oxide with Water

1. Write the formulas for the reactants and products: Potassium oxide (K2O) reacts with water (H2O) to form potassium hydroxide (KOH). 2. Balance the equation: For this equation, we need equal numbers of each element on both sides. \( K_2O + H_2O \rightarrow 2KOH \) Now the equation is balanced: there are two potassium atoms, two oxygen atoms, and two hydrogen atoms on both the reactant and product sides.
02

Reaction B - Diphosphorus Trioxide with Water

1. Write the formulas for the reactants and products: Diphosphorus trioxide (P2O3) reacts with water (H2O) to form phosphoric acid (H3PO3). 2. Balance the equation: For this equation, we need equal numbers of each element on both sides. \( P_2O_3 + 3H_2O \rightarrow 2H_3PO_3 \) Now the equation is balanced: there are two phosphorus atoms, six oxygen atoms, and six hydrogen atoms on both the reactant and product sides.
03

Reaction C - Chromium (III) Oxide with Dilute Hydrochloric Acid

1. Write the formulas for the reactants and products: Chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form chromium (III) chloride (CrCl3) and water (H2O). 2. Balance the equation: For this equation, we need equal numbers of each element on both sides. \( Cr_2O_3 + 6HCl \rightarrow 2CrCl_3 + 3H_2O \) Now the equation is balanced: there are two chromium atoms, three oxygen atoms, and six hydrogen atoms, and six chlorine atoms on both the reactant and product sides.
04

Reaction D - Selenium Dioxide with Aqueous Potassium Hydroxide

1. Write the formulas for the reactants and products: Selenium dioxide (SeO2) reacts with aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH) to form potassium selenite (K2SeO3) and water (H2O). 2. Balance the equation: For this equation, we need equal numbers of each element on both sides. \( SeO_2 + 2KOH \rightarrow K_2SeO_3 + H_2O \) Now the equation is balanced: there is one selenium atom, three oxygen atoms, two potassium atoms, and two hydrogen atoms on both the reactant and product sides.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Zinc in its 2+ oxidation state is an essential metal ion for life. \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\) is found bound to many proteins that are involved in biological processes, but unfortunately \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\) is hard to detect by common chemical methods. Therefore, scientists who are interested in studying \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\)-containing proteins frequently substitute \(\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}\) for \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\), since \(\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}\) is easier to detect. (a) On the basis of the properties of the elements and ions discussed in this chapter and their positions in the periodic table, describe the pros and cons of using \(\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}\) as a \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\) substitute. (b) Proteins that speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions are called enzymes. Many enzymes are required for proper metabolic reactions in the body. One problem with using \(\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}\) to replace \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\) in enzymes is that \(\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}\) substitution can decrease or even eliminate enzymatic activity. Can you suggest a different metal ion that might replace \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\) in enzymes instead of \(\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}\) ? Justify your answer.

(a) What is the trend in first ionization energies as one proceeds down the group 7A elements? Explain how this trend relates to the variation in atomic radii. (b) What is the trend in first ionization energies as one moves across the fourth period from \(\mathrm{K}\) to \(\mathrm{Kr}\) ? How does this trend compare with the trend in atomic radii?

It is possible to define metallic character as we do in this book and base it on the reactivity of the element and the ease with which it loses electrons. Alternatively, one could measure how well electricity is conducted by each of the elements to determine how "metallic" the elements are. On the basis of conductivity, there is not much of a trend in the periodic table: Silver is the most conductive metal, and manganese the least. Look up the first ionization energies of silver and manganese; which of these two elements would you call more metallic based on the way we define it in this book?

Elements in group 7A in the periodic table are called the halogens; elements in group \(6 \mathrm{~A}\) are called the chalcogens. (a) What is the most common oxidation state of the chalcogens compared to the halogens? (b) For each of the following periodic properties, state whether the halogens or the chalcogens have larger values: atomic radii, ionic radii of the most common oxidation state, first ionization energy, second ionization energy.

Which will experience the greater effective nuclear charge, the electrons in the \(n=3\) shell in Ar or the \(n=3\) shell in \(\mathrm{Kr}\) ? Which will be closer to the nucleus?
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