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Chapter 23: Problem 58

A classmate says, "A strong-field ligand means that the ligand binds strongly to the metal ion." Is your classmate correct? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Your classmate's statement is not entirely correct. A strong-field ligand refers to its effect on the ligand-field splitting energy in transition metal complexes, but it does not necessarily mean that the ligand binds strongly to the metal ion. The strength of binding depends on various factors, such as the nature of the bond, electronegativity of the ions, and their sizes.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Strong-Field Ligands

Strong-field ligands are those that have a relatively large ligand-field splitting energy, which causes a greater energetic split between d-orbitals involved in metal-ligand bonding in transition metal complexes. The ligand-field splitting energy is a measure of the energy required to promote an electron from the lower-energy d-orbitals (t2g) to the higher-energy d-orbitals (eg). The greater the ligand-field splitting energy, the greater the energy difference between the two sets of d-orbitals.
02

Strength of Binding

The strength of binding between a ligand and a metal ion is primarily determined by the nature of the bond they form, which could be ionic, covalent, or coordinate covalent (dative). Stronger bonds are generally associated with higher bond dissociation energy, which means more energy is required to break the bond between them.
03

Relation between Strong-Field Ligands and Binding Strength

The term "strong-field ligand" refers to the ligand's effect on the ligand-field splitting energy, but it does not necessarily imply that the ligand binds strongly to the metal ion. A strong-field ligand can affect the energy difference between the d-orbitals, but it is not directly related to the bond strength between the ligand and the metal ion. The binding strength of a ligand to a metal ion often depends on other factors, such as electronegativity, the size of the ion, and the type of bonding involved.
04

Conclusion

Your classmate's statement is not entirely correct. A strong-field ligand means that it causes a greater ligand-field splitting energy in the transition metal complex, but it does not necessarily mean that the ligand binds strongly to the metal ion. The strength of binding depends on various factors, such as the nature of the bond, electronegativity of the ions, and their sizes.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Based on the molar conductance values listed here for the series of platinum(IV) complexes, write the formula for each complex so as to show which ligands are in the coordination sphere of the metal. By way of example, the molar conductances of \(0.050 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaCl}\) and \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\) are \(107 \mathrm{ohm}^{-1}\) and \(197 \mathrm{ohm}^{-1}\), respectively. \begin{tabular}{lc} \hline Complex & Molar Conductance \(\left(o \text { ohm }^{-1}\right)^{*}\) of \(0.050\) M Solution \\ \hline \(\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{6} \mathrm{Cl}_{4}\) & 523 \\ \(\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{4}\) & 228 \\ \(\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{Cl}_{4}\) & 97 \\ \(\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{4}\) & 0 \\ \(\left.\mathrm{KPt}_{4}\right) \mathrm{NH}_{5}\) & 108 \\ \hline \end{tabular} "The ohm is a unit of resistance; conductance is the inverse of resistance.

A manganese complex formed from a solution containing potassium bromide and oxalate ion is purified and analyzed. It contains \(10.0 \% \mathrm{Mn}, 28.6 \%\) potassium, \(8.8 \%\) carbon, and \(29.2 \%\) bromine by mass. The remainder of the compound is oxygen. An aqueous solution of the complex has about the same electrical conductivity as an equimolar solution of \(\mathrm{K}_{4}\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{\mathrm{S}}\right]\). Write the formula of the compound, using brackets to denote the manganese and its coordination sphere.

Which of the following objects is chiral: (a) a left shoe, (b) a slice of bread, (c) a wood screw, (d) a molecular model of \(\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{en}) \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\), (e) a typical golf club?

For each of the following metals, write the electronic configuration of the atom and its \(2+\) ion: (a) \(\mathrm{Mn}\), (b) \(\mathrm{Ru}\), (c) \(\mathrm{Rh}\). Draw the crystal-field energy-level diagram for the \(d\) orbitals of an octahedral complex, and show the placement of the \(d\) electrons for each \(2+\) ion, assuming a strong-field complex. How many unpaired electrons are there in each case?

Carbon monoxide is toxic because it binds more strongly to the iron in hemoglobin (Hb) than does \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\), as indicated by these approximate standard free-energy changes in blood: $$ \begin{array}{ll} \mathrm{Hb}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \longrightarrow \mathrm{HbO}_{2} & \Delta G^{\mathrm{e}}=-70 \mathrm{~kJ} \\ \mathrm{Hb}+\mathrm{CO} \longrightarrow \mathrm{HbCO} & \Delta G^{\mathrm{a}}=-80 \mathrm{~kJ} \end{array} $$ Using these data, estimate the equilibrium constant at \(298 \mathrm{~K}\) for the equilibrium $$ \mathrm{HbO}_{2}+\mathrm{CO} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{HbCO}+\mathrm{O}_{2} $$
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