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Chapter 23: Problem 43

Sketch all the possible stereoisomers of (a) tetrahedral $\left[\mathrm{Cd}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right],(\mathbf{b})\( square-planar \)\left[\operatorname{Ir} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\left(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\right)_{2}\right]^{-},$ (c) octahedral $\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\sigma \text { -phen })_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]^{+}$

Short Answer

Expert verified
In summary, the possible stereoisomers for the given metal complexes are as follows: a) Tetrahedral complex: Only one stereoisomer (no need for cis/trans consideration due to different ligands) b) Square-planar complex: Two stereoisomers - cis and trans configurations c) Octahedral complex: Two stereoisomers - cis and trans configurations

Step by step solution

01

a) Tetrahedral Complex

For the tetrahedral complex \(\left[\mathrm{Cd}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{2}\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]\), we have a central atom (Cd) and four ligands around it (two water molecules and two chloride ions). In a tetrahedral geometry, all the bond angles are approximately 109.5掳. Since all the ligands are different, there is no need to consider any stereoisomers in this case. Therefore, the only possible stereoisomer of this complex is the given structure itself.
02

b) Square-planar Complex

For the square-planar complex \(\left[\operatorname{Ir}\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\left(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\right)_{2}\right]^{-}\), we have a central atom (Ir) and four ligands around it (two chloride ions and two triphenylphosphine molecules). In a square-planar geometry, all the bond angles are 90掳, and the ligands occupy positions around the central atom in a square configuration. In this case, there are two possible arrangements for the ligands: 1. Cis - the two chloride ions and the two triphenylphosphine molecules are adjacent (next) to each other, forming a cis configuration 2. Trans - the two chloride ions and the two triphenylphosphine molecules are opposite to each other, forming a trans configuration Therefore, the two possible stereoisomers of this complex are the cis and trans forms.
03

c) Octahedral Complex

For the octahedral complex \(\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\sigma \text { -phen })_{2}\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right]^{+}\), we have a central atom (Fe) and six ligands around it (two sigma-bonded phen ligands and two chloride ions). In an octahedral geometry, the bond angles are 90掳, and the ligands are arranged in a regular octahedron around the central atom. In this case, since the sigma-phen ligands are bidentate, each of them can bind to the iron center in two different ways 鈥� via either ring of the bidentate ligand. The possible stereoisomers can be determined by the arrangement of the bidentate ligands and chloride ions in the coordination sphere. There are two possible arrangements for the ligands: 1. Cis - the two sigma-bonded phen ligands are bound to the iron center via the same face, and the two chloride ions are adjacent to each other 2. Trans - the two sigma-bonded phen ligands are bound to the iron center via opposite faces, and the two chloride ions are opposite to each other Therefore, the two possible stereoisomers of this complex are the cis and trans forms.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Carbon monoxide, \(\mathrm{CO}\), is an important ligand in coordination chemistry. When \(\mathrm{CO}\) is reacted with nickel metal the product is \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}\right]\), which is a toxic, pale yellow liquid. (a) What is the oxidation number for nickel in this compound? (b) Given that \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}\right]\) is diamagnetic molecule with a tetrahedral geometry, what is the electron configuration of nickel in this compound? (c) Write the name for \(\left[\mathrm{Nu}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}\right]\) using the nomenclature rules for coordination compounds.

Give the number of (valence) \(d\) electrons associated with the central metal ion in each of the following complexes: (a) \(\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]\), (b) \(\left[\mathrm{Mn}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Na}\left[\mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}\right]\), (d) \(\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Br}_{2}\right] \mathrm{ClO}_{4}\), (c) \([\mathrm{Sr}(\mathrm{EDTA})]^{2-}\) -

(a) A compound with formula \(\mathrm{RuCl}_{3} \cdot 5 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is dissolved in water, forming a solution that is approximately the same color as the solid. Immediately after forming the solution, the addition of excess \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q)\) forms \(2 \mathrm{~mol}\) of solid \(\mathrm{AgCl}\) per mole of complex. Write the formula for the compound, showing which ligands are likely to be present in the coordination sphere. (b) After a solution of \(\mathrm{RuCl}_{3}+5 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) has stood for about a year, addition of \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q)\) precipitates \(3 \mathrm{~mol}\) of \(\mathrm{AgCl}\) per mole of complex. What has happened in the ensuing time?

a) Using Werner's definition of valence, which property is the same as oxidation number, primary valence or secondary walence? (b) What term do we normally use for the other type of valence? (c) Why can the \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) molecule serve as a ligand but the \(\mathrm{BH}_{3}\) molecule cannot?

Metallic elements are essential components of many important enzymes operating within our bodies. Carbonic anhydrase, which contains \(Z \mathrm{n}^{2+}\) in its active site, is responsible for rapidly interconverting dissolved \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and bicarbonate ion, \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\). The zinc in carbonic anhydrase is tetrahedrally coordinated by three neutral nitrogen- containing groups and a water molecule. The coordinated water molecule has a pK of 7.5, which is crucial for the enxyme's activity. (a) Draw the active site geometry for the Zn(II) center in carbonic anhydrasc, just writing " \(\mathrm{N}^{\text {" }}\) for the three neutral nitrogen ligands from the protein. (b) Compare the \(p K_{a}\) of carbonic anhydrase's active site with that of pure water, which species is more acidic?
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