/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 20 Are the physical properties of \... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

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Chapter 22: Problem 20

Are the physical properties of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) different from \(\mathrm{D}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) ? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Yes, the physical properties of H鈧侽 and D鈧侽 are different due to their differences in molecular composition, mass, and bond strength. These differences lead to variations in boiling point, melting point, density, and viscosity. D鈧侽 has a higher boiling point (101.4掳C) and melting point (-3.82掳C) than H鈧侽 (100掳C and 0掳C, respectively), as well as a greater density (1.107 g/mL) and slightly higher viscosity. This is due to the presence of deuterium, a heavier isotope of hydrogen, in the D-O bonds of D鈧侽, which makes these bonds stronger compared to the H-O bonds in H鈧侽.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Molecular Composition of H鈧侽 and D鈧侽

H鈧侽, also known as water, is composed of two hydrogen atoms (H) and one oxygen atom (O). D鈧侽, or heavy water, is composed of two deuterium atoms (D) and one oxygen atom (O). Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen and has one extra neutron in its nucleus, making it heavier than hydrogen.
02

Differences in Mass

Due to the extra neutron in deuterium, D鈧侽 has a larger molecular mass compared to H鈧侽. This directly affects the physical properties of the two substances. The molecular mass of H鈧侽 is 18 g/mol, while the molecular mass of D鈧侽 is 20 g/mol.
03

Differences in Bond Strength

Because of the additional mass in the deuterium nucleus, the D-O bond in D鈧侽 is stronger than the H-O bond in H鈧侽. This results in differences in bond strength and vibrational frequencies between the two substances.
04

Differences in Physical Properties

The differences in mass and bond strength lead to various physical property differences between H鈧侽 and D鈧侽: 1. Boiling Point: D鈧侽 has a higher boiling point (101.4掳C) compared to H鈧侽 (100掳C), as more energy is required to break the stronger D-O bonds. 2. Melting Point: D鈧侽 has a higher melting point (-3.82掳C) than H鈧侽 (0掳C), for the same reason as the boiling point. 3. Density: The density of D鈧侽 (1.107 g/mL) is greater than that of H鈧侽 (1.000 g/mL) due to its larger molecular mass. 4. Viscosity: D鈧侽 has a slightly higher viscosity than H鈧侽 because of the stronger D-O bonds and greater mass. These differences in physical properties show that H鈧侽 and D鈧侽 are indeed different.

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