/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 24 The solubility of \(\mathrm{MnSO... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 13: Problem 24

The solubility of \(\mathrm{MnSO}_{4} \cdot \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) in water at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(70 \mathrm{~g}\) per \(100 \mathrm{~mL}\) of water. (a) Is a \(1.22 \mathrm{M}\) solution of \(\mathrm{MnSO}_{4} \cdot \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) in water at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) saturated, supersaturated, or unsaturated? (b) Given a solution of \(\mathrm{MnSO}_{4} \cdot \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) of unknown concentration, what experiment could you perform to determine whether the new solution is saturated, supersaturated, or unsaturated?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The 1.22 M solution of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 in water at 20掳C is unsaturated, as its concentration is lower than the saturation solubility (4.14 M). (b) Heat the solution, add 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 until saturation is reached, and then cool the solution back to 20掳C. Observe if any precipitate forms. This allows determining if the initial solution was saturated, supersaturated, or unsaturated.

Step by step solution

01

Calculate the solubility of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 at 20掳C in molarity

Given that 70g of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 can dissolve in 100mL of water, we need to find the molarity of the saturated solution. First, find the molar mass of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱: Mn: 54.94 g/mol S: 32.07 g/mol O: 16.00 g/mol H2O: 18.02 g/mol Molar mass of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱: \(54.94 + 32.07 + 4(16.00) + 18.02 = 169.01\) g/mol Now, convert 70g of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 to moles: \(n=\frac{mass}{molar\ mass} = \frac{70\ g}{169.01\ g/mol} = 0.414\) mol Then, convert 100mL of water to liters: \(V = 100\,\text{mL} \times \frac{1\,\text{L}}{1000\,\text{mL}} = 0.1\,\text{L}\) Finally, determine the saturation solubility in molarity: \(Saturation\ Molarity (M) = \frac{n}{V} = \frac{0.414\,\text{mol}}{0.1\,\text{L}} = 4.14\,M\)
02

Determine the state of the given 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 solution

Now that we have the saturation molarity, which indicates the maximum amount of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 that can dissolve in water at a specific temperature, we can compare it with the given concentration in the problem, 1.22 M 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱. Given \(Saturation\ Molarity = 4.14\,M\) Since the given solution has a lower molarity than the saturation solubility, it means it: \(1.22\,M < 4.14\,M\) So, the solution is unsaturated. (a) The 1.22 M solution of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 in water at 20掳C is unsaturated.
03

Suggest an experiment to identify the state of a 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 solution of unknown concentration

(b) To determine whether a solution of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 of unknown concentration is saturated, supersaturated, or unsaturated, you can perform the following experiment. 1. Heat the solution to slightly increase its temperature. 2. Slowly add small amounts of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 to the heated solution while stirring. 3. If the added 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 completely dissolves, it means the initial solution was unsaturated. 4. Continue adding 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 until no more of the added substance dissolves, which indicates that the solution has reached saturation. 5. Remove the heating source, and allow the solution to cool back to 20掳C. 6. If any precipitate forms while cooling the solution, it means that the initial solution was supersaturated. This way, by observing the solution during heating and cooling, we can identify if it was initially saturated, supersaturated, or unsaturated.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Molarity
Molarity is an essential concept in chemistry, especially when dealing with solutions. It is defined as the number of moles of a solute per liter of solution. Molarity is commonly represented by the symbol M and is important for quantitatively describing the concentration of a solution.
Understanding molarity is crucial because it allows chemists to predict how chemical reactions will occur in solution. In the exercise, a 1.22 M solution refers to a scenario where there are 1.22 moles of dsolved 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 in every liter of the solution.
  • It's important for conducting experiments and calculations.
  • It helps in predicting the outcomes of chemical reactions.
  • It provides a measure of the concentration of solutes in a solution.
In essence, knowing the molarity of a solution allows you to understand how many particles of the solute are available to react or interact with other substances in chemical processes.
Saturation
Saturation is a state where a solution contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature. The solution cannot dissolve any more solute without changing the temperature or pressure.
When a solution is at its saturation point, adding more solute will result in the excess not dissolving; instead, it will remain as solid particles. The solubility of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 at 20掳C in water is 4.14 M, which means that solution can't dissolve more 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 beyond this concentration without changing External conditions.
  • Saturated solutions contain as much solute as can be dissolved.
  • The presence of undissolved solute typically indicates saturation.
  • Different substances have different solubility limits.
Understanding saturation is critical because it indicates the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve under specific conditions, guiding predictive outcomes in experimental procedures.
Supersaturation
Supersaturation is a fascinating and unique state in solution chemistry where a solution contains more dissolved solute than is possible at equilibrium under normal circumstances. This happens when a solution is saturated at a higher temperature and then allowed to cool without precipitating the excess solute.
When a supersaturated solution is disturbed, such as by adding a small seed crystal or shaking the container, the excess solute can rapidly precipitate out, returning the solution to a saturated state.
  • Supersaturated solutions are unstable and are temporary.
  • They can be prepared by controlling the temperature.
  • Use in crystallization processes and other industrial applications.
Understanding supersaturation is crucial as it plays a vital role in processes like crystallization, and it's often used in creating crystals in industries for materials such as sugar and pharmaceuticals.
惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱
惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱, or Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate, is a chemical compound that consists of manganese, sulfur, oxygen, and water. It's often used in various industrial applications, including as a nutrient in animal feed or as a supplement in fertilizers.
When dissolved in water, 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 can help in various experiments and processes, and understanding its solubility plays a crucial role in different areas of chemical research and industry. At 20掳C, it has a solubility that allows 70 g to dissolve in 100 mL of water, making it quite soluble under these conditions.
  • 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 is a compound that consists of manganese, sulfate, and water.
  • It's used in industries like agriculture and manufacturing.
  • Understanding its solubility is important for its use in various applications.
Thus, comprehending the chemical nature and properties of 惭苍厂翱4路贬2翱 can provide deeper insight into how it behaves in different environments and conditions, which is valuable for its effective use.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

The enthalpy of solution of \(\mathrm{KBr}\) in water is about \(+198 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). Nevertheless, the solubility of \(\mathrm{KBr}\) in water is relatively high. Why does the solution process occur even though it is endothermic?

Two nonpolar organic liquids, hexane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}\right)\) and heptane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{16}\right)\), are mixed. (a) Do you expect \(\Delta H_{\text {soln }}\) to be a large positive number, a large negative number, or close to zero? Explain. (b) Hexane and heptane are miscible with each other in all proportions. In making a solution of them, is the entropy of the system increased, decreased, or close to zero, compared to the separate pure liquids?

The density of acetonitrile \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CN}\right)\) is \(0.786 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}\) and the density of methanol \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) is \(0.791 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}\). A solution is made by dissolving \(22.5 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\) in \(98.7 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CN}\). (a) What is the mole fraction of methanol in the solution? (b) What is the molality of the solution? (c) Assuming that the volumes are additive, what is the molarity of \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\) in the solution?

What is the freezing point of an aqueous solution that boils at \(105.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ?

Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks bacterial cell walls. A solution containing \(0.150 \mathrm{~g}\) of this enzyme in \(210 \mathrm{~mL}\) of solution has an osmotic pressure of \(0.953\) torr at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What is the molar mass of lysozyme?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.