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Chapter 11: Problem 53

(a) Two pans of water are on different burners of a stove. One pan of water is boiling vigorously, while the other is boiling gently. What can be said about the temperature of the water in the two pans? (b) A large container of water and a small one are at the same temperature. What can be said about the relative vapor pressures of the water in the two containers?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The temperature of the water in both pans is the same, which is 100掳C (212掳F) at sea level, as they have both reached their boiling point. (b) The vapor pressure of the water in the large container is the same as that in the small container, as they have the same temperature and vapor pressure is a function of temperature only.

Step by step solution

01

a. Comparing Water Temperature

When water is boiling, it means that it has reached its boiling point. For water, the boiling point is 100掳C (212掳F) at sea level (under normal atmospheric pressure). In both pans, the water is boiling, one vigorously and the other gently, but in both cases, the water has reached its boiling point. Therefore, the temperature of the water in both pans is the same, which is 100掳C (212掳F) at sea level.
02

b. Comparing Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases at a given temperature in a closed system. In this case, both containers of water are at the same temperature, which means they are in the same thermodynamic state. The vapor pressure of a liquid substance is a function of its temperature only, and not dependent on container size or the amount of liquid. Therefore, the vapor pressure of the water in the large container is the same as that in the small container, as they have the same temperature.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Ethylene glycol \(\left(\mathrm{HOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) is the major component of antifreeze. It is a slightly viscous liquid, not very volatile at room temperature, with a boiling point of \(198^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Pentane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12}\right)\), which has about the same molecular weight, is a nonviscous liquid that is highly volatile at room temperature and whose boiling point is \(36.1^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Explain the differences in the physical properties of the two substances.

Name the phase transition in each of the following situations and indicate whether it is exothermic or endothermic: (a) Bromine vapor turns to bromine liquid as it is cooled. (b) Crystals of iodine disappear from an evaporating dish as they stand in a fume hood. (c) Rubbing alcohol in an open container slowly disappears. (d) Molten lava from a volcano turns into solid rock.

(a) How does the average kinetic energy of molecules compare with the average energy of attraction between molecules in solids, liquids, and gases? (b) Why does increasing the temperature cause a solid substance to change in succession from a solid to a liquid to a gas? (c) What happens to a gas if you put it under extremely high pressure?

The fluorocarbon compound \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{~F}_{3}\) has a normal boiling point of \(47.6^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The specific heats of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{~F}_{3}(l)\) and \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{~F}_{3}(g)\) are \(0.91\) and \(0.67 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{g}-\mathrm{K}\), respectively. The heat of vaporization for the compound is \(27.49 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). Calculate the heat required to convert \(35.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{~F}_{3}\) from a liquid at \(10.00{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to a gas at \(105.00{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).

(a) What is the relationship between surface tension and temperature? (b) What is the relationship between viscosity and temperature? (c) Why do substances with high surface tension also tend to have high viscosities?
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