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Chapter 5: Problem 26

What is the most likely charge on the positive ion formed by B?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Boron forms a positive ion with a +3 charge.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Element

B represents the element boron on the periodic table. This element is located in Group 13 (or IIIA in older notations), which is also known as the boron group.
02

Determine the Valence Electrons

Boron, being in Group 13, has 3 valence electrons. Elements in this group typically form ions by losing their valence electrons to achieve the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas.
03

Predict the Ion Charge

Since boron has 3 valence electrons, it tends to lose all three to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to helium, the nearest noble gas. By losing 3 electrons, boron forms a positive ion with a +3 charge.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom. These electrons are crucial as they are involved in chemical bonding. For boron, these are the three electrons in its outer shell.
Being a group 13 element, boron has 3 valence electrons. This is because elements in group 13 have their outermost electrons in the p-block of the periodic table.
Understanding the behavior of valence electrons helps to predict how an element will react or form compounds by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons.
Group 13 Elements
Group 13 elements, also known as the boron group, consist of boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium. These elements share common properties due to their similar electron configurations.
  • They have 3 electrons in their outer shell.
  • Their metallic nature increases as you move down the group.
  • Boron is the only metalloid, while the others are metals.
These elements often form ions by losing their valence electrons to achieve a stable, noble gas-like electron configuration.
Periodic Table
The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of elements in groups and periods. It helps us understand the properties and behavior of the elements based on their atomic structure.
  • Groups are vertical columns and indicate elements with similar properties.
  • Periods are horizontal rows and show a progression in electron shell filling.
Boron is in group 13 and period 2, which means it has two electron shells. The organization of the table helps predict the type of ion an element will form, such as boron鈥檚 tendency to form a cation with a +3 charge.
Electron Configuration
Electron configuration describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals. For boron, the electron configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^1\).
  • The first shell has 2 electrons, filling the \(1s\) orbital.
  • The second shell has 3 electrons, with 2 in the \(2s\) orbital and 1 in the \(2p\) orbital.
When boron forms ions, it loses its valence electrons from the second shell. This results in the configuration becoming similar to helium, indicating stability, which is why boron tends to form a \(+3\) charge by losing these 3 electrons.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Name the compound in each of the following minerals. (a) fluorite \(\left(\mathrm{CaF}_{2}\right)\) (b) galena (PbS) (c) quartz \(\left(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\right)\) (d) rutile \(\left(\mathrm{TiO}_{2}\right)\) (e) hematite \(\left(\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)\)

Fluoride toothpastes convert the mineral apatite in tooth enamel into fluorapatite, \(\mathrm{Ca}_{5}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{3} \mathrm{~F}\). If fluorapatite contains \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}{ }^{3-}\) ions, what is the charge on the fluoride ion in this compound?

Prussian blue is a pigment with the formula \(\mathrm{Fe}_{4}\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]_{3}\). If the compound contains the \(\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}^{4-}\) ion, what is the oxidation state of the other four iron atoms? Turnbull's blue is a pigment with the formula \(\mathrm{Fe}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]_{2}\). If the compound contains the \(\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}^{3-}\) ion, what is the oxidation state of the other three iron atoms?

Predict the ionic product of the reaction between strontium metal and phosphorus.

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