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Chapter 2: Problem 100

Define the terms solution, solvent, and solute and give an example of each.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A solution is a homogeneous mixture; a solvent dissolves the solute, e.g., saltwater.

Step by step solution

01

Define Solution

A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such mixtures, the solute is uniformly distributed within the solvent, meaning you cannot separate them by physical means.
02

Define Solvent

The solvent is the substance in a solution that dissolves the solute. It is usually present in the greater amount compared to the solute and determines the physical state of the solution.
03

Define Solute

The solute is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent to form a solution. It is present in a lesser amount than the solvent.
04

Provide Examples

- Solution Example: Saltwater is a solution where salt is dissolved in water. - Solvent Example: In the case of saltwater, water acts as the solvent. - Solute Example: The salt in saltwater acts as the solute.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Homogeneous Mixture
A homogeneous mixture is a type of mixture where the composition is consistent throughout. In these mixtures, the components are uniformly distributed and cannot be easily separated by physical means. This uniformity is the key characteristic that makes a mixture homogeneous.
Think of a cup of coffee or a glass of apple juice; no matter where you take a sip, the taste and composition remain the same.
In chemistry, a solution is a common example of a homogeneous mixture, where the solute is dissolved evenly within the solvent.
Solvent and Solute
The terms 'solvent' and 'solute' are fundamental when discussing solutions. The **solvent** is the substance that dissolves the solute. It is typically present in a greater amount and determines the state of the solution (solid, liquid, or gas).
Water is often referred to as the "universal solvent" due to its capability of dissolving numerous substances.
On the other hand, the **solute** is the substance that gets dissolved by the solvent. It is present in a smaller quantity in the solution. For instance, sugar in tea is the solute while the tea itself acts as the solvent.
Both the solvent and solute work together to create a solution with uniform properties throughout.
Examples of Solutions
Understanding examples of solutions can make the concept more relatable. Solutions are not restricted to liquids only; they can also be found in gases and solids.
  • **Saltwater**: A liquid solution where salt (the solute) is dissolved in water (the solvent).

  • **Air**: A gaseous solution composed of various gases, such as nitrogen and oxygen, evenly mixed together.

  • **Alloys**: Solid solutions like stainless steel, where metals such as iron and chromium are mixed together.
These examples show how versatile solutions are, existing in various forms and states in our everyday lives.

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