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Write the names of the following molecules. (a) \(\mathrm{ICl}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) (c) \(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) (e) \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The names of these molecules are (a) Iodine trichloride, (b) Dinitrogen pentoxide, (c) Phosphine, (d) Carbon tetrabromide, and (e) Sulfur trioxide.

Step by step solution

01

Identify elements in the molecules

For each molecule, identify the constituent elements and their respective number of atoms present in the molecule. (a) ICl3 - This molecule consists of 1 iodine (I) atom and 3 chlorine (Cl) atoms. (b) N2O5 - This molecule consists of 2 nitrogen (N) atoms and 5 oxygen (O) atoms. (c) PH3 - This molecule consists of 1 phosphorus (P) atom and 3 hydrogen (H) atoms. (d) CBr4 - This molecule consists of 1 carbon (C) atom and 4 bromine (Br) atoms. (e) SO3 - This molecule consists of 1 sulfur (S) atom and 3 oxygen (O) atoms.
02

Write names using standard naming conventions

Based on the identified elements, use standard naming conventions to write the name of each molecule. The name is formed by writing the element names in the order they appear in the molecule, with prefixes indicating their respective number of atoms. (a) \(\mathrm{ICl}_{3}\) - Iodine (mono)trichloride (b) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) - Dinitrogen pentoxide (c) \(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\) - Phosphine (d) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) - Carbon tetrabromide (e) \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\) - Sulfur trioxide So, the final names are: (a) Iodine trichloride (b) Dinitrogen pentoxide (c) Phosphine (d) Carbon tetrabromide (e) Sulfur trioxide

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Chemical Naming Conventions
In the realm of chemistry, naming compounds is a fundamental skill, essential for clear communication and understanding of chemical substances. Chemical naming conventions have been standardized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to avoid confusion and ensure each compound has a unique and systematic name.

These conventions include using prefixes for quantity, suffixes for functional groups, and infixes for indicating structural features. For example, the 'ide' suffix usually indicates a simple binary compound, such as in 'chloride' for a compound containing chlorine. To improve understanding, educators should emphasize the importance of learning these conventions and practice using them in different contexts. This not only aids in memorization but also in recognizing compound classes and their potential reactivity.
Molecular Formula
A molecular formula provides essential information about a compound, including the types of atoms present and their specific quantities. Represented by elemental symbols from the periodic table and numerical subscripts indicating the number of atoms, molecular formulas are concise yet rich in detail.

For example, in \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\), the formula tells us there is one carbon atom and four bromine atoms. When faced with molecular formulas, students should learn to visualize the compound's structure and make links to its physical and chemical properties. Dissecting formulas and discussing why certain elements combine can also foster a deeper understanding of chemical behavior.
Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with inorganic compounds, typically those that do not contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds. A key part of mastering inorganic chemistry lies in understanding the classification and naming of inorganic compounds, which includes a vast variety of substances such as salts, metals, minerals, and coordination complexes.

Each class of compounds follows specific naming rules that reflect their compositions and structures. To aid in education, real-world examples can help contextualize these compounds and the roles they play in our daily lives, from the iron in our blood to the silicon in computer chips.
Prefixes in Chemical Nomenclature
Prefixes in chemical nomenclature serve a crucial role—they convey the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound. For instance, the prefix 'tri-' means three, and 'tetra-' means four, allowing us to understand immediately how many atoms are involved without seeing the molecular structure. The common prefixes are mono-(1), di-(2), tri-(3), tetra-(4), penta-(5), hexa-(6), and so on.

Understanding these prefixes is vital for students as they reveal details about the compound's proportion and can affect the properties of the molecule. An exercise improvement advice is to encourage students to always state the prefix 'mono-' where applicable, as in 'carbon monoxide (CO)', to avoid ambiguity and promote precision in communication.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write the formulas of the following ionic compounds. (a) iron(III) carbonate (b) sodium azide \(\left(\mathrm{N}_{3}-\right)\) (c) calcium sulfate (d) copper(I) sulfide (e) lead(IV) oxide

Consider two isotopes Fe-54 and Fe-56. (a) Write the nuclear symbol for both isotopes. (b) How do they differ from each other?

Which statements are true? (a) Neutrons have neither mass nor charge. (b) Isotopes of an element have an identical number of protons. (c) C-14 and N-14 have identical neutron/proton (n/p \(^{+}\) ) ratios. (d) The vertical columns in a periodic table are referred to as "groups." (e) When an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged.

Two basic laws of chemistry are the law of conservation of mass and the law of constant composition. Which of these laws (if any) do the following statements illustrate? (a) Lavoisier found that when mercury(II) oxide, \(\mathrm{HgO}\), decomposes, the total mass of mercury(Hg) and oxygen formed equals the mass of mercury(II) oxide decomposed. (b) Analysis of the calcium carbonate found in the marble mined in Carrara, Italy, and in the stalactites of the Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico gives the same value for the percentage of calcium in calcium carbonate. (c) Hydrogen occurs as a mixture of two isotopes, one of which is twice as heavy as the other.

Complete the table below. If necessary, use the periodic table. $$ \begin{array}{ccccc} \begin{array}{c} \text { Nuclear } \\ \text { Symbol } \end{array} & \text { Charge } & \begin{array}{c} \text { Number of } \\ \text { Protons } \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} \text { Number of } \\ \text { Neutrons } \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} \text { Number of } \\ \text { Electrons } \end{array} \\ \hline 31 \mathrm{p} & 0 & 9 & 10 & \\ \hline & 0 & & 16 & \\ \hline & +3 & 27 & 30 & \\ \hline & & & 16 & 16 & 18 \\ \hline \end{array} $$

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