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Chapter 3: Problem 30

Write a balanced equation for the reaction of (a) \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{HF}\). (b) sodium hydroxide and HCl. (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and strontium hydroxide.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \( \text{Mg(OH)}_2 + 2 \text{HF} \rightarrow \text{MgF}_2 + 2 \text{H}_2O \); (b) \( \text{NaOH} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2O \); (c) \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 + \text{Sr(OH)}_2 \rightarrow \text{SrSO}_4 + 2 \text{H}_2O \).

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Reaction Type

These reactions are neutralization reactions where an acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water.
02

Writing the Chemical Equation for (a)

The reaction between magnesium hydroxide \( \text{Mg(OH)}_2 \) and hydrofluoric acid \( \text{HF} \) produces magnesium fluoride \( \text{MgF}_{2} \) and water \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \). The unbalanced equation is: \[ \text{Mg(OH)}_2 + \text{HF} \rightarrow \text{MgF}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \].
03

Balancing the Equation for (a)

Balance the equation by adjusting coefficients. The balanced equation is: \[ \text{Mg(OH)}_2 + 2 \text{HF} \rightarrow \text{MgF}_2 + 2 \text{H}_2\text{O} \].
04

Writing the Chemical Equation for (b)

Sodium hydroxide \( \text{NaOH} \) reacts with hydrochloric acid \( \text{HCl} \) to form sodium chloride \( \text{NaCl} \) and water \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \). The unbalanced equation is: \[ \text{NaOH} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \].
05

Balancing the Equation for (b)

This equation is already balanced: \[ \text{NaOH} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \].
06

Writing the Chemical Equation for (c)

Strontium hydroxide \( \text{Sr(OH)}_2 \) reacts with sulfuric acid \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \) to form strontium sulfate \( \text{SrSO}_4 \) and water \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \). The unbalanced equation is: \[ \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 + \text{Sr(OH)}_2 \rightarrow \text{SrSO}_4 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \].
07

Balancing the Equation for (c)

Balance the equation by adjusting coefficients. The balanced equation is: \[ \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 + \text{Sr(OH)}_2 \rightarrow \text{SrSO}_4 + 2 \text{H}_2\text{O} \].

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Neutralization Reaction
In chemistry, a neutralization reaction is a fascinating process where an acid and a base come together to form a salt and water. It's essentially a chemical handshake, balancing the pH in a dynamic way. For example, when magnesium hydroxide (\( \text{Mg(OH)}_2 \)) reacts with hydrofluoric acid (\( \text{HF} \)), it results in the formation of magnesium fluoride (\( \text{MgF}_2 \)) and water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)). The reaction can be visualized as:
  • Acid (\( \text{HF} \)) meets Base (\( \text{Mg(OH)}_2 \))
  • Their union forms a Salt (\( \text{MgF}_2 \)) and Water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \))
Neutralization reactions are not just theoretical. They have real-world applications, such as in medicine to relieve stomach acidity and in agriculture to neutralize soil pH.
Acid-Base Reaction
An acid-base reaction is a type of chemical reaction and critical to many processes in chemistry and biology. It involves the transfer of hydroxide ions (\( \text{OH}^{-} \)) from a base to hydrogen ions (\( \text{H}^{+} \)) from an acid. When sodium hydroxide (\( \text{NaOH} \)) reacts with hydrochloric acid (\( \text{HCl} \)), they form sodium chloride (\( \text{NaCl} \)) and water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)). The process can be summarized as:
  • Base donates hydroxide ions (\( \text{OH}^{-} \))
  • Acid donates hydrogen ions (\( \text{H}^{+} \))
  • These ions combine to form water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \))
  • Resulting in a salt (\( \text{NaCl} \))
Understanding this reaction underpins knowledge of titration and buffer solutions, essential in fields like biochemistry and environmental science.
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is like the mathematical backbone of chemistry, a powerful tool that lets chemists calculate the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It's about proportion, ensuring everything in a reaction is in the right amount to ensure the chemical equation is balanced. For instance, when balancing the reaction between strontium hydroxide (\( \text{Sr(OH)}_2 \)) and sulfuric acid (\( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \)), stoichiometry dictates adjusting coefficients to ensure conservation of mass:
  • Each element must have the same number of atoms on both sides of the equation.
  • In \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 + \text{Sr(OH)}_2 \rightarrow \text{SrSO}_4 + 2 \text{H}_2\text{O} \), we balance H, O, Sr, and S atoms.
By balancing chemical equations, stoichiometry helps avoid waste of reactants and ensures the desired product yield in chemical industries.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the molecular formula of a compound with an empirical formula of \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and a molar mass of \(90 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol} ?\)

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