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91Ó°ÊÓ

Calculate the molality and van’t Hoff factor (i) for the following aqueous solutions:

(a) 1.00 mass % NaCl, freezing point -0.593oc

(b) 0.500 mass % CH3COOH, freezing point -0.159oc

Short Answer

Expert verified

The molalities and the van't Hoff factors of the given aqueous solutions are:

(a) 0.173m NaCl,1.84.

(b) 0.084m CH3COOH,1.02.

Step by step solution

01

Definition

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a solution is equal to that of a pure solvent is known as the freezing point of a solution.

Concept: For finding the freezing point we will use the equations below.

Δ°Õf-ThefreezingpointdepressionKf-Molal-Thefreezingpointdepressionconsistentm-Molalityofthesolutioni-VantHofffactorΔ°Õf=ikfm

The total moles of a solute per kilogram of a solvent is termed as Molality.

Molality(m) of the solution=moles of solute(mol)mass of solvent(kg)                        Moles of solute=mass of solutemolar mass of solute

Van't Hoff factor (i) gives a ratio of the concentrations of particles or ions formed when a solute or a substance is dissolved in a solution. For a non-electrolyte solution, the Van’t Hoff is equal to 1.

02

For sodium chloride solution

Given information:

The freezing point depression Δ°Õf=-0.593oc

Mass of solution =100g

Mass %of NaCl in solution =1%

Mass %=mass  of solute mass of solution×100                              1=mass of solute100×100mass of solute=1g NaCl

mass of solvent=100-1=99g H2O

Molar mass of sodium chloride=58.5g/mol

kffor water =1.86ocmol-1.

Δ°Õf=Tf(solvent)+Tf(solution)Tf(solution)=Tf(solvent)-ΔTf=0-(-0.593)=.593oc

Δ°Õf=0.593.0oc

Molality(m) of the solution=moles of solute(mol)mass of solvent(kg)                        Moles of solute=mass of solutemolar mass of solute

m=mass of solutemolar mass of solute×1000mass of solvent     =158.5×100099     =10005,791.5     =0.173m NaCl.

Δ°Õf=ikfm

i=Δ°Õfkfm=0.5931.86×0.173=0.5930.32178=1.843.

Hence, the value of i is close to two as the NaCl dissociates into two particles when dissolving in water.
03

For acetic acid solution

Given information:

The freezing point depression (Δ°Õf) =-0.159C°

Mass of solution=100g

Mass % of CH3COOHin solution =0500%

role="math" localid="1663312720406" Mass %=mass  of solute mass of solution×100               5=mass of solute100×100   mass of solute=.5g CH3COOHmass of solvent=100-.5                                     =99.5g H2OMolarmassofaceticacid=60g/mol                                  kfforwater=1.86°Cmol-1                                                     Δ°Õf=Tf(solvent)+Tf(solution)                                    Tf(solution)=Tf(solvent)-ΔTf                                                                =0-(-0.159)                                                                =.159oc.                                                      Δ°Õf=0.159.0oc.

Molality(m) of the solution=moles of solute(mol)mass of solvent(kg)                        Moles of solute=mass of solutemolar mass of solute                                                     m=mass of solutemolar mass of solute×1000mass of solvent                                                           =.560×100099.5                                                           =5005,970                                                           =0.0837                                                           =0.084m CH3COOH.                                                 Δ°Õf=ikfm                                                        i=Δ°Õfkfm                                                          =0.1591.86×0.084                                                          =0.1590.156                                                          =1.019                                                          =1.02.

Δ°Õf=ikfm       i=Δ°Õfkfm         =0.1591.86×0.084         =0.1590.156         =1.019         =1.02.

As acetic acid is a weak acid and dissociates to a small extent in a solution, a van’t Hoff factor is close to 1.

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