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Chapter 2: Question: (page 81)
What is the key difference between an element and a compound?
An element is made up of the same type of atoms while a compound is formed by combining different elements in a fixed ratio.
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The mass percent of sulfur in a sample of coal is a key factor in the environmental impact of the coal because the sulfur combines with oxygen when the coal is burned and the oxide can then be incorporated into acid rain. Which of the following coals would have the smallest environmental impact?
Mass (g) of Sample | Mass(g) of Sulfur in Sample | |
Coal A | 378 | 11.3 |
Coal B | 495 | 19.0 |
Coal C | 675 | 20.6 |
Glyphosate (below) is a common herbicide that is relatively harmless to animals but deadly to most plants. Describe the shape around and the hybridization of the P, N, and three numbered C atoms.
The mass percent of sulfur in a sample of coal is a key factor in the environmental impact of the coal because the sulfur combines with oxygen when the coal is burned and the oxide can then be incorporated into acid rain. Which of the following coals would have the smallest environmental impact?
Mass (g) of Sample | Mass(g) of Sulfur in Sample | |
Coal A | 378 | 11.3 |
Coal B | 495 | 19.0 |
Coal C | 675 | 20.6 |
Choose the correct answer. The difference between the mass number of an isotope and its atomic number is (a)directly related to the identity of the element; (b) the number of electrons; (c) the number of neutrons; (d) the number of isotopes.
Which of the following are pure substances? Explain.
(a) Calcium chloride, used to melt ice on roads, consists of two elements, calcium and chlorine, in a fixed mass ratio.
(b) Sulfur consists of sulfur atoms combined into octatomic molecules.
(c) Baking powder, a leavening agent, contains 26% to 30% sodium hydrogen carbonate and 30% to 35% calcium dihydrogen phosphate by mass.
(d) Cytosine, a component of DNA, consists of H, C, N, and O atoms bonded in a specific arrangement.
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