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Chapter 3: Q3.108P (page 89)
Ordinary household bleach is an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite. What is the molarity of a bleach solution that contains 20.5 g of sodium hypochlorite in a total volume of 375 mL?
The molarity of the bleach solution is 0.733 M NaClO solution.
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Loss of atmospheric ozone has led to an ozone "hole" over Antartica. The process occurs in part by three consecutive reactions:
Chlorine monoxide forms ClOOCl
Solar winds composed of free protons, electrons, andparticles bombard Earth constantly, knocking gas molecules outof the atmosphere. In this way, Earth loses about 3.0 kg of matterper second. It is estimated that the atmosphere will be gone inabout 50 billion years. Use this estimate to calculatethe amount (mol) of nitrogen,which makes up 75.5 mass % of the atmosphere.
Fluorine is so reactive that it forms compounds with materials inert to other treatments. (a) When 0.327 g of platinum is heated in fluorine, 0.519 g of a dark red, volatile solid forms. What is its empirical formula? (b) When 0.265 g of this red solid reacts with excess xenon gas, 0.378 g of an orange-yellow solid forms. What is the empirical formula of this compound, the first to contain a noble gas? (c) Fluorides of xenon can be formed by direct reaction of the elements at high pressure and temperature. Under conditions that produce only the tetra- and hexafluorides, 1.85×10-4 mol of xenon reacted with 5.00×10-4 mol of fluorine, and 9.00×10-6 mol of xenon was found in excess. What are the mass percents of each xenon fluoride in the product mixture?
Cortisol (m = 362.47 g/mol), one of the major steroid hormones, is a key factor in the synthesis of protein. Its profound effect on the reduction of inflammation explains its use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Cortisol is 69.6% C, 8.34% H, and 22.1% O by mass. What is its molecular formula?
Percent yields are generally calculated from mass quantities. Would the result be the same if mole quantities were used instead? Why?
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