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Which of the following situations represent equilibrium?

(a) Migratory birds fly north in summer and south in winter.

(b) In a grocery store, some carts are kept inside and some outside. Customers bring carts out to their cars, while store clerks bring carts in to replace those taken out.

(c) In a tug o’ war, a ribbon tied to the center of the rope moves back and forth until one side loses, after which the ribbon goes all the way to the winner’s side.

(d) As a stew is cooking, water in the stew vaporizes, and the vapor condenses on the lid to droplets that drip into the stew.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Situation 1, 2, 4 are in equilibrium as it shows like reaction in which froward reaction is equal to backward reaction

Step by step solution

01

Why situation s(a) in equilibrium

A reaction at equilibrium can be stated as forward reaction is equal to backward reaction. Given situation is migratory birds fly north in summer and south in winter. This situation is in equilibrium because north and south direction are in opposite way. Migratory birds fly north is equals with birds fly south in winter.

02

Why situation (b) in equilibrium

Situation 2 is also at equilibrium because when customers purchased the items from shop, store clerks replace those taken items. That means both sides the items are equal and there is no decrease or increase in items happened. So, this situation is in equilibrium.

03

Why situation (c) not in equilibrium

In 3rd situation the rope is moving front and coming back with respect to force applied by participants. But at last, the rope will move towards the more force applied side. So, this cant be taken as s situation for equilibrium.

04

Why situation (d) in equilibrium

Vaporization of water molecule from cooked items is a common situation. The time at lid open, we can see vaporized water molecules are stick to it are falling at the cooked items. This means both sides water molecule concentration is equal and so, this situation is in equilibrium.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Predict the effect of decreasing the container volume on the amounts of each reactant and product in the following reactions:

(a) H2(g)+Cl2(g)⇌2HCl(g)

(b) 2H2(g)+O2(g)⇌2H2O(I)

Consider the formation of ammonia in two experiments.

  1. To a 1.00-L container at727oC1.30mol of N2and 1.65molofH2are added. At equilibrium, 0.100molofNH3 is present. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of N2andH2, and find Kcfor the reaction: 2NH3(g)→N2(g)+3H2(g)
  2. In a different 1.00-L container at the same temperature, equilibrium is established with 8.34×10-2molofNH3,1.50molofN2,and1.25molofH2 present. CalculateKc for the reaction:NH3(g)→N2(g)+32H2(g)
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For a given reaction at a given temperature, the value of K is constant. Is the value of Q also constant? Explain.

An important industrial source of ethanol is the reaction, catalyzed by H3PO4, of steam with ethylene derived from oil:

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CaCO3(s)⇌CaO(s)+CO2(g)

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