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Chapter 21: Q21.150CP (page 979)

Use Appendix D to create an activity series of Mn, Fe, Ag, Sn, Cr, Cu, Ba, Al, Na, Hg, Ni, Li, Au, Zn, and Pb. Rank these metals in order of decreasing reducing strength, and divide them into three groups: those that displace H2 from water, those that displaceH2 from acid, and those that cannot displaceH2 .

Short Answer

Expert verified

Li, Ba, Na, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, Cu, Ag, Hg, Au are the elements in decreasing order.

Mn, Al, Na, Ba, and Li may all remove hydrogen from water.

Mn, Al, Na, Ba, Li, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Sn, and Pb are among the metals that can be displaced by acid.

Cu, Hg, Ag, and Au are unable to displace hydrogen.

Step by step solution

01

Chemical reaction

Chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical breakdown into two or more separate chemicals occurs when one component interacts with another to generate a new material. These processes are known as chemical reactions, and they are generally irreversible until followed by other chemical reactions.

02

Rank the metal

The standard reduction potentials are listed in Appendix D:

Mn鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥-1.18Fe鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥-0.44Ag鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥0.80Sn鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥-0.14Cr鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥-0.74Cu鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥0.34Ba鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥-2.90Al鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥-1.66Na鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥-2.71Hg鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥0.85Ni鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥-0.25Li鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥-3.05Au鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥1.50Zn鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥-0.76Pb鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥鈥-0.13

As, the ability to be a reducing agent increases with the negative standard potential, the arrangement in decreasing strength will be: Li, Ba, Na, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, Cu, Ag, Hg, Au.

In order to determine which metals may displace hydrogen in water, they must have a lower reduction potential than water oxidation,.

Mn, Al, Na, Ba, and Li have anvalue of less thanV.

Metals havingless than the voltage of the normal hydrogen potential, which is equal to, can displace hydrogen from acid.

Mn, Al, Na, Ba, Li, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Sn, and Pb are the metals in question.

Cu, Ag, Hg, and Au are examples of metals with reduction potentials larger thanthat cannot displace hydrogen.

Therefore, we get:

Li, Ba, Na, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, Cu, Ag, Hg, Au in decreasing order.

Mn, Al, Na, Ba, and Li all have the ability to remove hydrogen from water.

Mn, Al, Na, Ba, Li, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, Fe, Ni,

Cu, Hg, Ag, and Au cannot displace hydrogen.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the following voltaic cell:

(a) In which direction do electrons flow in the external circuit?

(b) In which half-cell does reduction occur?

(c) In which half-cell do electrons leave the cell?

(d) At which electrode are electrons generated?

(e) Which electrode is positively charged?

(f) Which electrode increases in mass during cell operation?

(g) Suggest a solution for the anode electrolyte.

(h) Suggest a pair of ions for the salt bridge.

(i) For which electrode could you use an inactive material?

(j) In which direction do cations within the salt bridge move to maintain charge neutrality?

(k) Write balanced half-reactions and an overall cell reaction.

Which of the following metals are suitable for use as sacri铿乧ial anodes to protect against corrosion of underground iron pipes? If any are not suitable, explain why:

(a) Aluminium

(b) Magnesium

(c) Sodium

(d) Lead

(e) Nickel

(f) Zinc

(g) Chromium

You are investigating a particular chemical reaction. State all the types of data available in standard tables that enable you to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at298 K.

Question: To examine the effect of ion removal on cell voltage, a chemist constructs two voltaic cells, each with a standard hydrogen electrode in one compartment. One cell also contains aPb/Pb2 +half-cell; the other contains a Cu/Cu2 +half-cell.

(a) What is Eoof each cell 298 K at?

(b) Which electrode in each cell is negative?

(c) When Na2Ssolution is added to the Pb2 +electrolyte, solid PbSforms. What happens to the cell voltage?

(d) When sufficient Na2Sis added to the Cu2 +electrolyte,CuSforms and [Cu2 +]drops to 1脳10-6. Find the cell voltage.

What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction between each pair at 25掳C?

(a)Ni(s)andAg+(aq)(b)Fe(s)andCr3+(aq)
See all solutions

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