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Chapter 18: Q150CP (page 828)

Seashells are mostly calcium carbonate, which reacts with $[H_{3} O^{+}]$ according to the equation
${CaCO}_{3} {(s) +H}_{3} O^{+} (aq) 鈬� {Ca}^{2 +} {(aq) + HCO}_{3}^{-} {(aq) +H}_{2} O(l)$
If $K_{w}$ increases at higher pressure, will seashells dissolve more rapidly near the surface of the ocean or at great depths? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The ${CaCO}_{3}$ will dissolve more rapidly at great depths.

Step by step solution

01

To explain

${CaCO}_{3} {+H}_{3} O^{+} 鈬� {Ca}^{2 +} {+ HCO}_{3}^{-} {+H}_{2} O$

Note that the equation of $K_{w}$ is $K_{w} = [{OH}^{-}] [H_{3} O^{+}] .$

One can observe that the $K_{w}$ is directly proportional to the $[H_{3} O^{+}]$ . So, when the $K_{w}$ increases, the $[H_{3} O^{+}]$ also increases, and an increase will drive the reaction to the right, consuming/dissolving more ${CaCO}_{3}$ . Weknow that pressure in water increases with depth. Therefore, seashells will dissolve more rapidly at great depths. Hence, the ${CaCO}_{3}$ will also dissolve more rapidly at great depths.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The NH⁺₄ ion forms acidic solutions, and the CH₃COO^-ion forms basic solutions. However, a solution of ammonium acetate is almost neutral. Do all of the ammonium salts of weak acids form neutral solutions? Explain your answer.

Nitrogen is discharged from wastewater treatment facilities into rivers and streams, usually as ${NH}_{3}$ and role="math" localid="1663321622328" ${NH}_{4}$ :
role="math" localid="1663321638309" ${NH}_{3} {(aq) +H}_{2} O(l) 鈬� {NH}_{4}^{+} {(aq) + OH}^{-} (aq) K_{b} {= 1.76脳10}^{- 5}$

One strategy for removing it is to raise the pH and 鈥渟trip鈥� the role="math" localid="1663321651423" ${NH}_{3}$ from solution by bubbling air through the water.

(a) At pH=7.00, what fraction of the total nitrogen in solution isrole="math" localid="1663321664485" ${NH}_{3}$ , de铿乶ed asrole="math" localid="1663321682077" $[{NH}_{3}] / ([{NH}_{3}] + [N {H_{4}}^{+}])$

(b) What is the fraction at pH 10.00?

(c) Explain the basis of ammonia stripping.

Polymers are not very soluble in water, but their solubility increases if they have charged groups.

(a) Casein, a milk protein, contains many ${COO}^{-}$ groups on its side chains. How does the solubility of casein vary with pH?

(b) Histones are proteins essential to the function of DNA. They are weakly basic due to the presence of side chains with ${- NH}_{2}$ and =NH groups. How does the solubility of a histone vary with pH?

Write the expression for each of the following in water:

(a) ${HNO}_{2}$

(b) ${CH}_{3} COOH$

(c) ${HBrO}_{2}$

Auto ionization occurs in methanol $({CH}_{3} OH)$ and in ethylenediamine ( ${NH}_{2} {CH}_{2} {CH}_{2} {NH}_{2}$ ).

(a) The auto ionization constant of methanol $(K_{met})$ is $2 脳 10^{- 17}$ . What is $[{CH}_{3} O^{-}]$ in pure $({CH}_{3} OH)$ ?

(b) The concentration of ${NH}_{2} {CH}_{2} {CH}_{2} {NH}_{2}$ in pure ${NH}_{2} {CH}_{2} {CH}_{2} {NH}_{2}$ is $2 脳 10^{- 8} M$ . What is the auto ionization constant of ethylenediamine $(K_{en})$ ?

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