/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 15 Explain how ions form bonds, and... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 7: Problem 15

Explain how ions form bonds, and describe the structure of the resulting compound.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Ions form bonds through electron transfer, creating ionic bonds and forming a stable lattice.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Ions

Atoms become ions by either losing or gaining electrons to achieve a full outer shell, similar to the noble gases. Metals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions called cations, whereas non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions called anions.
02

Formation of Ionic Bonds

Ionic bonds occur when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the attraction between oppositely charged ions. This electrostatic attraction holds the ions together in the compound.
03

Examining Ionic Compound Structure

In an ionic compound, ions are arranged in a regular, repeating lattice structure. This 3D arrangement ensures that each ion is surrounded by ions of opposite charge, maximizing the attraction and creating a stable compound.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Cations and Anions
To understand ionic bonding, it is essential to first know about cations and anions. These are types of ions, which are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons.
  • Cations: These are positively charged ions. They are formed when an atom, usually a metal, loses one or more electrons. The loss of electrons results in more protons than electrons, giving the ion a positive charge.
  • Anions: These are negatively charged ions. Anions form when an atom, often a non-metal, gains electrons. The addition of electrons gives the ion a negative charge because there are now more electrons than protons.
This transfer of electrons helps atoms achieve a stable electron configuration, mimicking the nearest noble gas with a full valence shell. This stability is a driving force in the formation of ionic compounds.
Electron Transfer
The key process in forming ionic bonds is the transfer of electrons between atoms. This is how cations and anions are formed.
When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, a stable electron configuration is achieved. This generally occurs between a metal and a non-metal.
  • The metal, which has few electrons in its outer shell, donates electrons to the non-metal.
  • The non-metal, with a nearly full outer shell, accepts these electrons to fill its valence shell.
This transfer creates a strong electrostatic force between the newly formed ions. The cation鈥檚 positive charge and the anion鈥檚 negative charge attract each other, resulting in a strong ionic bond. This bond is what holds the ions together tightly in an ionic compound.
Lattice Structure of Ionic Compounds
Once ionic bonds are formed, the ions organize themselves into a distinct, repeating pattern called a lattice structure.
In this 3D arrangement, each ion is surrounded by ions of the opposite charge. This maximizes the attractive forces while minimizing repulsion.
  • Regular and Repeating: This structure is very regular, with a repeating pattern that extends throughout the entire material, ensuring stability and strength.
  • Strong forces: The electrostatic forces between opposite charges within the lattice are very strong, giving ionic compounds high melting and boiling points.
This lattice structure is why ionic compounds, like salt, are typically solid at room temperature and possess significant hardness and brittleness.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Apply Praseodymium is a lanthanide element that reacts with hydrochloric acid, forming praseodymium (III) chloride. It also reacts with nitric acid, forming praseodymium(II) nitrate. Praseodymium has the electron configuration \([\mathrm{Xe}] 4 \mathrm{f}^{3} 6 \mathrm{s}^{2}\) a. Examine the electron configuration, and explain how praseodymium forms a \(3+\) ion. b. Write the correct formulas for both compounds formed by praseodymium.

Explain why noble gases are not likely to form chemical bonds.

Give the number of valence electrons for atoms of oxygen, sulfur, arsenic, phosphorus, and bromine.

Contrast the cause of the attraction in ionic bonds and metallic bonds.

Using electron-dot structures, diagram the formation of an ionic bond between potassium and iodine.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.