/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 20 Explain each term and give an ex... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 11: Problem 20

Explain each term and give an example. a. monosaccharide b. disaccharide c. polysaccharide

Short Answer

Expert verified
Monosaccharides are single sugar units like glucose; disaccharides consist of two such units, like sucrose; polysaccharides are large chains of sugars, such as starch.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit. They cannot be broken down into simpler sugars by hydrolysis. Common monosaccharides include glucose and fructose. Example: Glucose is a monosaccharide found in fruits and is a primary energy source for cells.
02

Understanding Disaccharides

Disaccharides are carbohydrates formed by the combination of two monosaccharide molecules through a condensation reaction, which involves the removal of a water molecule. Common examples include sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Example: Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose and is found in table sugar.
03

Understanding Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bonded together. They serve various functions such as energy storage or structural support. Examples of polysaccharides include starch, glycogen, and cellulose. Example: Starch is a polysaccharide used by plants for energy storage.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides are the most basic form of carbohydrates and consist of only one sugar molecule. These simple sugars cannot be further hydrolyzed into smaller sugar units. Because of their simple structure, they are easily absorbed by the body and provide a quick energy boost. Some common examples of monosaccharides include:
  • Glucose: Often referred to as blood sugar, it is essential for energy production in cells.
  • Fructose: Found naturally in fruits and honey, it's sweeter than glucose and is used by the body as an energy source.
  • Galactose: Less sweet and typically found combined with glucose to form lactose, the sugar in milk.
Monosaccharides are crucial for cellular respiration and serve as fundamental building blocks for more complex carbohydrates.
Disaccharides
Disaccharides are carbohydrates made up of two monosaccharide units bonded together. This bonding occurs through a process called a condensation reaction, where a molecule of water is removed. This process connects the two sugar units, forming a disaccharide. Disaccharides are important because they are more complex than monosaccharides and often serve as a source of energy upon being broken down. Some common examples of disaccharides include:
  • Sucrose: Commonly known as table sugar, composed of glucose and fructose.
  • Lactose: The primary sugar in milk, made up of glucose and galactose.
  • Maltose: Found in malted foods and beverages, consists of two glucose molecules.
When consumed, these sugars are broken down by enzymes back into their monosaccharide components, which the body can then utilize or store as needed.
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates consisting of long chains of monosaccharide units linked together. Unlike monosaccharides and disaccharides, polysaccharides are not typically sweet-tasting and can serve different functions depending on their structure and type of monosaccharides used. They play vital roles in living organisms:
  • Energy Storage: Starch in plants and glycogen in animals are polysaccharides that store energy.
  • Structural Roles: Cellulose is a polysaccharide that provides structural support in the cell walls of plants.
  • Chitin: Found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans, as well as in fungal cell walls.
Polysaccharides can be linear or branched, and their complexity allows them to fulfill multiple functions in biological systems. The body's digestion of polysaccharides involves breaking them down into simpler sugars which can then be used for energy or other physiological needs.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

a. What is a macronutrient? b. What role do macronutrients play in keeping us healthy? c. Name the three classes of macronutrients.

Substitutes have been developed for fat (鈥渇ake fats鈥� such as Olean) and sugar (sucralose and aspartame, for example). Why have there not been attempts to develop a comparable substitute for protein?

A yellow packet of Splenda sugar substitute contains the compound sucralose. Use the resources of the web to answer these questions. a. How many calories does a packet of Splenda contain? b. Splenda鈥檚 slogan is 鈥淢ade from Sugar, So It Tastes Like Sugar.鈥� Comment on this. For example is it a correct statement or false advertising? Explain.

Select a profession of your choice, possibly the one you intend to pursue. Name at least one way in which a person in this profession could have a positive infl uence on food sustainability.

What is a processed food? Make a list of 10 foods, perhaps selecting from those in your kitchen, and indicate which ones are processed.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.