91Ó°ÊÓ

White phosphorous has a tetrahedral P_4 molecule structure, where four phosphorus atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral geometry. On the other hand, red phosphorous has a polymeric structure consisting of interconnected P_4 tetrahedra linked by covalent bonds.

White phosphorous is a waxy solid with a garlic-like odor and a yellowish-white color, while red phosphorous is a dark red or purple amorphous powder, granular solid, or crystalline solid. White phosphorous has a lower density (1.83 g/cm^3) compared to red phosphorous (2.1-2.34 g/cm^3). Additionally, white phosphorous is highly reactive, while red phosphorous is less reactive and less volatile.

White phosphorous is highly reactive and can oxidize in air even at room temperature, resulting in a spontaneous combustion. It is also soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, carbon disulfide, and ether. However, red phosphorous is more stable and does not easily react with air unless heated, making it less prone to ignition. It is also insoluble in water and organic solvents.

Red phosphorous can be prepared by heating white phosphorous at temperatures between 250°C and 300°C in a closed vessel under the influence of an inert gas like nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

White phosphorous is often used in the production of pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals. It is also used in the manufacturing of military-grade materials such as smoke and incendiary devices. Red phosphorous is used commercially in several applications, including safety matches, pyrotechnics, semiconductors, and fertilizers. To summarize the main differences: 1. Structure: White phosphorous has a tetrahedral P_4 molecule structure, while red phosphorous has a polymeric structure. 2. Physical Properties: White phosphorous is a yellowish-white, waxy, highly reactive solid, while red phosphorous is a dark red or purple, relatively stable solid with higher density. 3. Chemical Properties: White phosphorous spontaneously reacts with air and is soluble in organic solvents, while red phosphorous is more stable and insoluble in water and organic solvents. 4. Preparation: Red phosphorous can be obtained from white phosphorous by heating it at 250°C to 300°C in a closed vessel under the protection of an inert gas. 5. Uses: White phosphorous is used in the production of pesticides, herbicides, and military materials, while red phosphorous is used in safety matches, pyrotechnics, semiconductors, and fertilizers.