Problem 35 State Gay-Lussac's law of combin... [FREE SOLUTION]

Chapter 5: Problem 35

State Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes of gases? Give an example.

Short Answer

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Question: State Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes of gases and provide an example to illustrate its application. Answer: Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes of gases states that when gases react together to form other gases, and all volume measurements are made at the same temperature and pressure, the volumes of the reacting gases and the volumes of the products (if gases) are in simple whole number ratios. An example can be the reaction between hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) to form water vapor (H2O): 2 H2(g) + O2(g) -> 2 H2O(g) Here, the volume ratios are H2:O2:H2O = 2:1:2. If we have 4 L of hydrogen gas and 2 L of oxygen gas for the reaction, both measured at the same temperature and pressure, the reaction will produce 8 L of water vapor according to Gay-Lussac's law.

Step by step solution

State Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes of Gases

Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes of gases states that when gases react together to form other gases, and all volume measurements are made at the same temperature and pressure, the volumes of the reacting gases and the volumes of the products (if gases) are in simple whole number ratios.

Explain the Terms Involved in the Law

In Gay-Lussac's law, we consider the following terms: 1. Reacting gases: The gases that are involved in a chemical reaction. 2. Products: The gases that are formed as a result of the chemical reaction. 3. Volume measurements: The quantity of space occupied by the gases, measured in units such as liters or cubic meters. 4. Same temperature and pressure: The conditions under which the volume measurements are made must be held constant for the law to be applicable. 5. Simple whole number ratios: The ratios of the volumes of reactants and products should be expressed as small whole numbers (e.g., 1:1, 1:2, 2:3, etc.).

Provide an Example

Let's consider the reaction between hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) to form water vapor (H2O): 2 H2(g) + O2(g) -> 2 H2O(g) In this reaction: 1. Reacting gases: Hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2). 2. Product: Water vapor (H2O). 3. Volume measurements: We can assume volumes in liters (L) for this example. Now, let's apply Gay-Lussac's law to this reaction.

Step 3.1: Identify the Volume Ratios

According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of hydrogen gas react with 1 mole of oxygen gas to form 2 moles of water vapor. Therefore, the volume ratios are: H2:O2:H2O = 2:1:2

Step 3.2: Apply the Volume Ratios in an Example

Let's assume we have 4 L of hydrogen gas and 2 L of oxygen gas for the reaction, both measured at the same temperature and pressure. Using the volume ratios, we can calculate the volume of water vapor produced: H2:O2:H2O = 2:1:2 4 L H2 (2 L O2)(2 L H2O) / (1 L O2) = 8 L H2O So, the reaction will produce 8 L of water vapor at the same temperature and pressure.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Chemical Reaction

Imagine a dance where partners switch and combine in new ways鈥攖hat's akin to a chemical reaction. It's a process where substances, known as reactants, transform into new substances called products. This can involve breaking bonds in reactants and forming new bonds to create the products.

These reactions can be broadly categorized as synthesis, where substances combine; decomposition, where one substance breaks into parts; single replacement, where one element in a compound is replaced by another; and double replacement, where different atoms in two compounds swap places. To visualize this, think about baking a cake鈥攜ou start with ingredients (reactants) such as flour, eggs, and sugar, and through the baking process, they combine to form the delicious cake (product).

Volume Measurement

In the world of science, volume measurement is the equivalent of measuring how much space a thing fills in your backpack. For gases, this is crucial, as their volumes can tell us a lot about their behavior and how they will react with other gases.

Imagine you're pouring water into different sized pitchers; the amount of water they can hold represents their volume. Just like you'd measure water in liters or gallons, we measure the volume of gases in units like liters, cubic meters, or sometimes in chemistry, moles鈥攖hanks to the handy concept of molar volume at standard temperature and pressure (STP). Accurate volume measurements are super important in experiments and industrial processes to ensure reactions go as planned.

Stoichiometry

Now picture you're following a recipe. Stoichiometry is the chemistry version of a recipe, guiding us on how much of each reactant we need to make a certain amount of product鈥攊t's all about the numbers and proportions.

In each chemical reaction, elements and compounds react in precise ratios, which is where the stoichiometry comes in. These ratios are deduced from the balanced chemical equation that represents the reaction. Think of it as a precise dance routine; each step is calculated to ensure a perfect performance. In this dance, not a molecule more or less, ensuring each reactant is fully utilized without anything going to waste.

Whole Number Ratio

When it comes to the world of atoms and molecules, the whole number ratio simplifies complicated relationships into easily understandable terms. This is a key aspect of Gay-Lussac's law, which tells us that, for gases reacting at constant temperature and pressure, their volumes react in simple, whole numbers, like siblings sharing toys in a fair and balanced way.

For example, if you have one volume of nitrogen gas combining with three volumes of hydrogen gas to make two volumes of ammonia, the ratio of their volumes would be 1:3:2鈥攁 whole number ratio. These simple ratios help chemists to predict and understand the volumes of gases involved in a reaction without the need for complex equipment or calculations.

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State Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes of gases? Give an example.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

State Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes of Gases

Explain the Terms Involved in the Law

Provide an Example

Step 3.1: Identify the Volume Ratios

Step 3.2: Apply the Volume Ratios in an Example

Key Concepts

Chemical Reaction

Volume Measurement

Stoichiometry

Whole Number Ratio

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