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Chapter 5: Problem 2

State Avogadro's law.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of particles (atoms or molecules). This means that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the amount of particles it contains under constant temperature and pressure conditions. The law is applicable to situations like two containers with different gases but at the same volume, temperature, and pressure, which will have the same number of gas particles in them despite having different masses.

Step by step solution

01

State Avogadro's Law

Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of particles (atoms or molecules).
02

Break Down the Law

This means that the volume of a gas (V) under constant temperature and pressure conditions is directly proportional to the amount of particles (n) it contains. Mathematically, this can be represented as: V 鈭� n To remove the proportionality sign and convert it into an equation, we introduce a proportionality constant: V = k * n Where: - V is the volume of the gas - n is the number of particles (atoms or molecules) - k is the proportionality constant For an ideal gas, the proportionality constant can be written as: k = R * T / P Where: - R is the ideal gas constant - T is the temperature in Kelvin - P is the pressure Thus, the equation becomes: V = (R * T / P) * n
03

Provide Examples

Let's consider two containers of equal volume that contain hydrogen gas and helium gas, respectively. Both containers are maintained at the same temperature and pressure. According to Avogadro's law, the number of hydrogen atoms in the first container will be equal to the number of helium atoms in the second container, even though the masses of the two gases might be different. Another example would be two balloons filled with different gases like oxygen and nitrogen. If the balloons have the same volume and are at the same temperature and pressure, they will contain the same number of gas particles.

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