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Chapter 4: Problem 13

What are the two opposing forces that start acting between two hydrogen atoms when they are brought together?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The two opposing forces are the attractive electrostatic force, which results from the interaction between the positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons of the atoms, and the repulsive electron-electron repulsion, which occurs due to the interaction between the negatively charged electron clouds of the atoms. These forces play a significant role in determining the stability of chemical bonds.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the forces between atoms

There are two main forces acting between atoms when they are brought together: attractive and repulsive forces. The attractive forces are the result of the interaction between the positively charged protons in the nucleus of one atom and the negatively charged electrons of another atom. The repulsive forces occur due to the interaction between the negatively charged electrons in the electron cloud of both atoms.
02

Describe the attractive forces

When two hydrogen atoms are brought together, their positively charged protons in the nucleus attract the negatively charged electrons of the other atom. This attractive force, known as the electrostatic force, is responsible for chemical bonding between atoms.
03

Describe the repulsive forces

As two hydrogen atoms get closer together, their electron clouds begin to overlap. Since both electron clouds are negatively charged, they repel each other. This repulsive force, known as the Pauli repulsion, or electron-electron repulsion, increases as the atoms move closer together.
04

Conclusion

The two opposing forces acting between two hydrogen atoms when they are brought together are the attractive electrostatic force (from the positive protons attracting the negative electrons) and the repulsive electron-electron repulsion (from the negative electron clouds repelling each other). These forces play a significant role in determining the stability of chemical bonds.

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