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Chapter 6: Problem 98

Scientists have speculated that element 126 might have a moderate stability, allowing it to be synthesized and characterized. Predict what the condensed electron configuration of this element might be.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The condensed electron configuration for element 126 is predicted to be: \[ [Rn] 5f^{14} 6d^{10} 7s^{2} 7p^{4} \]

Step by step solution

01

Determine the atomic number

Element 126 is given; this means that it has an atomic number (Z) of 126. The atomic number tells you the number of protons and electrons in an atom.
02

Find the periods and blocks of the periodic table

The periodic table is organized into periods and blocks based on the electron configuration of the elements. The periods correspond to the principal quantum numbers (n) of the electron orbitals. The blocks are labeled s, p, d, and f, based on the type of atomic orbital being filled.
03

Fill in the atomic orbitals

For predicting the electron configuration, follow the Aufbau principle (building-up principle), which suggests filling orbitals in the order of increasing energy levels. In simpler terms, start with the lowest energy levels and work your way up. Here's how to fill the orbitals for element 126: 1. Fill in the 1s orbital: 1s虏 (2 electrons, 124 remaining) 2. Fill in the 2s orbital: 2s虏 (2 electrons, 122 remaining) 3. The order then goes 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d 4. Fill in the orbitals following the order, allocating the correct number of electrons in each orbital (2 for s, 6 for p, 10 for d, and 14 for f) 5. Stop whenever you have allocated all 126 electrons
04

Determine the condensed electron configuration

Once you have filled in all the orbitals, arrange the electron configuration in the periodic table order, and indicate the superscripts determining the number of electrons in each orbital. For element 126, the condensed electron configuration will be: \[ [Rn] 5f^{14} 6d^{10} 7s^{2} 7p^{4} \] Here, [Rn] refers to Radon, a noble gas that comes before element 126 in the periodic table. Its electron configuration is written in condensed form, representing the configurations of all the elements before it. The rest of the configuration represents the remaining electrons in their respective orbitals.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The "magic numbers" in the periodic table are the atomic numbers of elements with high stability (the noble gases): \(2,10,18,36,54\), and \(86 .\) In terms of allowed values of orbitals and spin quantum numbers, explain why these electron arrangements correspond to special stability.

(a) What are the similarities and differences between the \(1 s\) and \(2 s\) orbitals of the hydrogen atom? (b) In what sense does a \(2 p\) orbital have directional character? Compare the "directional" characteristics of the \(p_{x}\) and \(d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}\) orbitals (that is, in what direction or region of space is the electron density concentrated?). (c) What can you say about the average distance from the nucleus of an electron in a \(2 s\) orbital as compared with a \(3 s\) orbital? (d) For the hydrogen atom, list the following orbitals in order of increasing energy (that is, most stable ones first): \(4 f, 6 s, 3 d, 1 s, 2 p\).

Give the values for \(n, l\), and \(m_{l}\) for \((a)\) each orbital in the \(2 p\) subshell, (b) each orbital in the \(5 d\) subshell.

Which of the quantum numbers governs (a) the shape of an orbital, (b) the energy of an orbital, (c) the spin properties of the electron, (d) the spatial orientation of the orbital?

List the following types of electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing wavelength: (a) the gamma rays produced by a radioactive nuclide used in medical imaging; (b) radiation from an FM radio station at \(93.1 \mathrm{MHz}\) on the dial; (c) a radio signal from an AM radio station at \(680 \mathrm{kHz}\) on the dial; \((\mathrm{d})\) the yellow light from sodium vapor streetlights; (e) the red light of a light-emitting diode, such as in a calculator display.
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