/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 29 (a) What is meant by the term st... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 5: Problem 29

(a) What is meant by the term state function? (b) Give an example of a quantity that is a state function and one that is not. (c) Is work a state function? Why or why not?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) A state function is a property of a system that depends only on its current state and is independent of the path taken to reach that state. (b) Internal energy is an example of a state function, while heat is an example of a non-state function. (c) Work is not a state function, as it depends on the specific process the system undergoes and the path taken, not just the system's initial and final states.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Understanding the Concept of a State Function

A state function, often called a state variable or state quantity, is a property of a system that depends only on the current state of the system, i.e., it's independent of the path taken to get to that state. In thermodynamics, these are usually macroscopic properties that describe the system's overall state and can be determined immediately from the current conditions of the system. Contrast this with path functions, which do depend on the processes or paths taken between states.
02

(b) Examples of State and Non-State Functions

An example of a state function is internal energy. In thermodynamics, internal energy (often denoted by \( U \)) is the total energy contained by a thermodynamic system. It is the energy necessary to create the system, and does not include the kinetic energy of motion of the system as a whole, nor the potential energy of the system as a whole due to external force fields. It also does not include the energy of any non-material 'external' force fields, such as gravitational fields, magnetic fields, etc. An example of a non-state function, or path function, is heat. Heat transfer into or out of a system, unlike internal energy, does depend on the path taken during a process and the process's history.
03

(c) Is Work a State Function and Why?

Work is not a state function. This is because it is a process-dependent quantity. The amount of work done on or by a system depends on the specific process the system undergoes, not just the system's initial and final states. For example, there can be different amounts of work done in compression or expansion processes, even if the initial and final states of the system are the same. This shows that work, unlike state functions, depends on the path taken and is therefore not a state function.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Does \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{rxn}}\) for the reaction represented by the following equation equal the standard enthalpy of formation for \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}(l) ?\) Why or why not? [Section 5.7] $$ \mathrm{C}(\text { graphite })+4 \mathrm{H}(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}(l) $$

When a mole of dry ice, \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(s)\), is converted to \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) at atmospheric pressure and \(-78{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), the heat absorbed by the system exceeds the increase in internal energy of the \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\). Why is this so? What happens to the remaining energy?

A \(2.200-g\) sample of quinone \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)\) is burned in a bomb calorimeter whose total heat capacity is \(7.854 \mathrm{~kJ} /{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The temperature of the calorimeter increases from \(23.44^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(30.57^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What is the heat of combustion per gram of quinone? Per mole of quinone?

Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction $$ \mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}(s)+2 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \cdots \mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{10}(s) $$ given the following enthalpies of reaction: $$ \begin{array}{ll} \mathrm{P}_{4}(\mathrm{~s})+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}(s) & \Delta H=-1640.1 \mathrm{~kJ} \\ \mathrm{P}_{4}(s)+5 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g)-\cdots & \mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{1} 0(s) & \Delta H=-2940.1 \mathrm{~kJ} \end{array} $$

Consider two solutions, the first being \(50.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(1.00 \mathrm{M}\) \(\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}\) and the second \(50.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(2.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KOH}\). When the two solutions are mixed in a constant-pressure calorimeter, a precipitate forms and the temperature of the mixture rises from \(21.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(27.7^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (a) Before mixing, how many grams of Cu are present in the solution of \(\mathrm{CuSO}_{4} ?(\mathrm{~b})\) Predict the identity of the precipitate in the reaction. (c) Write complete and net ionic equations for the reaction that occurs when the two solutions are mixed. (d) From the calorimetric data, calculate \(\Delta H\) for the reaction that occurs on mixing. Assume that the calorimeter absorbs only a negligible quantity of heat, that the total volume of the solution is \(100.0 \mathrm{~mL}\), and that the specific heat and density of the solution after mixing are the same as that of pure water.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.