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Chapter 25: Problem 50

Acetic anhydride is formed from acetic acid in a condensation reaction that involves the removal of a molecule of water from between two acetic acid molecules. Write the chemical equation for this process, and show the structure of acetic anhydride.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The condensation reaction for acetic anhydride formation from acetic acid is given by the equation: \[2 \, CH_3COOH \rightarrow (CH_3CO)_2O + H_2O\] The structure of acetic anhydride is: ``` O O || || CH3-C-O-C-CH3 ```

Step by step solution

01

Write the chemical formula of acetic acid

First, we need to remember the chemical formula of acetic acid. Acetic acid has the formula CH鈧僀OOH.
02

Write the condensation reaction for acetic anhydride

In the condensation reaction, a molecule of water (H鈧侽) is removed from between two acetic acid molecules. Therefore, the chemical equation for the formation of acetic anhydride from acetic acid is: \[2 \, CH_3COOH \rightarrow (CH_3CO)_2O + H_2O\] In this equation, we show that two molecules of acetic acid react to form one molecule of acetic anhydride ((CH鈧僀O)鈧侽) and one molecule of water (H鈧侽).
03

Show the structure of acetic anhydride

Now, let's draw the molecular structure of acetic anhydride. Acetic anhydride has the structure: ``` O O || || CH3-C-O-C-CH3 ``` This structure shows an oxygen atom bonded to the carbonyl groups (C=O) of two acetyl groups (CH鈧僀O) in a symmetrical arrangement.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Describe the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins. (b) Quaternary structures of proteins arise if two or more smaller polypeptides or proteins associate with each other to make an overall much larger protein structure The association is due to the same hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and dispersion forces we have seen before. Hemoglobin, the protein used to transport oxygen molecules in our blood, is an example of a protein that has quaternary structure. Hemoglobin is a tetramer; it is made of four smaller polypeptides, two "alphas" and two "betas." (These names do not imply anything about the number of alpha helices or beta sheets in the individual polypeptides.) What kind of experiments would provide sound evidence that hemoglobin exists as a tetramer and not as one enormous polypeptide chain? You may need to look into the chemical.literature to discover techniques that chemists and biochemists use to make these decisions.

Describe the intermediate that is thought to form in the addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene, using cyclohexene as the alkene in your description.

Write a condensed structural formula for each of the following: (a) an acid with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), (b) a cyclic ketone with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O},(\mathrm{c})\) a dihydroxy \(\mathrm{com}-\) pound with formula \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), (d) a cyclic ester with formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)

Dinitromethane, \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\right)_{2}\) is a dangerously reactive substance that decomposes readily on warming. On the other hand, dichloromethane is relatively unreactive. Why is the nitro compound so reactive compared to the chloro compound? (Hint: Consider the oxidation numbers of the atoms involved and the possible products of decomposition.)

If a molecule is an "ene-one," what functional groups must it have?
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