/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 78 (a) What is the difference betwe... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

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Chapter 20: Problem 78

(a) What is the difference between a battery and a fuel cell? (b) Can the "fuel" of a fuel cell be a solid? Explain.

Short Answer

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(a) The main difference between a battery and a fuel cell is that a battery stores energy within the cell and can be recharged, while a fuel cell generates electricity continuously as long as fuel and an oxidizer are supplied to it. Batteries typically have a limited lifetime due to the degradation of internal components, while fuel cells can have a longer lifespan with a maintained fuel supply. (b) Yes, the fuel of a fuel cell can be a solid, as illustrated by solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) which use solid fuels such as metal powders or metal oxides. In SOFCs, the solid fuel is converted into a gas (usually hydrogen), which then reacts with oxygen to generate electricity. The use of solid fuels makes SOFCs more versatile and efficient than other fuel cells that rely solely on gaseous fuels.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a): Difference between a battery and a fuel cell

A battery is an electrochemical device that stores energy, generates electricity by moving electrons through an external circuit, and can be recharged multiple times. On the other hand, a fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a reaction between the fuel and an oxidizing agent, typically oxygen. The main difference between a battery and a fuel cell is that a battery stores its energy in the cell itself, while a fuel cell generates electricity continuously as long as fuel and an oxidizer are supplied to it. Additionally, batteries generally have a limited lifetime due to the gradual degradation of their internal components, while fuel cells can have a longer lifespan as long as the fuel supply is maintained.
02

Part (b): Can the fuel of a fuel cell be a solid?

Yes, the fuel of a fuel cell can be a solid. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are an example of fuel cells that utilize solid fuels. These fuel cells use a solid oxide, typically a ceramic material, as the electrolyte. The solid fuel, usually in the form of metal powders or metal oxides, reacts with an oxidizing agent at high temperatures (around 800-1000掳C) to generate electricity. In SOFCs, the solid fuel is converted into a gas (usually hydrogen) within the cell itself, which then reacts with oxygen to generate electricity. The use of solid fuels in fuel cells allows for a wider range of fuel options, including biomass, syngas, and other hydrocarbons, making SOFCs more versatile and efficient than other types of fuel cells that rely solely on gaseous fuels.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For each of the following reactions, write a baFor each of the following reactions, write a balanced equation, calculate the standard emf, calculate \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) at \(298 \mathrm{~K}\), and calculate the equilibrium constant \(K\) at \(298 \mathrm{~K}\). (a) Aqueous iodide ion is oxidized to \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(s)\) by \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2}{ }^{2+}(a q) .\) (b) In acidic solution, copper(I) ion is oxidized to copper(II) ion by nitrate ion. (c) In basic solution, \(\mathrm{Cr}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s)\) is oxidized to \(\mathrm{CrO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)\) by \(\mathrm{ClO}^{-}(a q) .\)lanced equation, calculate the standard emf, calculate \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) at \(298 \mathrm{~K}\), and calculate the equilibrium constant \(K\) at \(298 \mathrm{~K}\). (a) Aqueous iodide ion is oxidized to \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(s)\) by \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2}{ }^{2+}(a q) .\) (b) In acidic solution, copper(I) ion is oxidized to copper(II) ion by nitrate ion. (c) In basic solution, \(\mathrm{Cr}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s)\) is oxidized to \(\mathrm{CrO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)\) by \(\mathrm{ClO}^{-}(a q) .\)

At \(900^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) titanium tetrachloride vapor reacts with molten magnesium metal to form solid titanium metal and molten magnesium chloride. (a) Write a balanced equation for this reaction. (b) What is being oxidized, and what is being reduced? (c) Which substance is the reductant, and which is the oxidant?

Some years ago a unique proposal was made to raise the Titanic. The plan involved placing pontoons within the ship using a surface-controlled submarine-type vessel. The pontoons would contain cathodes and would be filled with hydrogen gas formed by the electrolysis of water. It has been estimated that it would require about \(7 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~mol}\) of \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) to provide the buoyancy to lift the ship (J. Chem. Educ., Vol. \(50,1973,61\) ). (a) How many coulombs of electrical charge would be required? (b) What is the minimum voltage required to generate \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) if the pressure on the gases at the depth of the wreckage ( \(2 \mathrm{mi}\) ) is \(300 \mathrm{~atm} ?\) (c) What is the minimum electrical energy required to raise the Titanic by electrolysis? (d) What is the minimum cost of the electrical energy required to generate the necessary \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) if the electricity costs 85 cents per kilowatt-hour to generate at the site?

If the equilibrium constant for a two-electron redox reaction at \(298 \mathrm{~K}\) is \(1.5 \times 10^{-4}\), calculate the corresponding \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) and \(E_{\text {cell }}^{\circ}\).

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